Название: The Logic of Scientific Discovery ISBN: 041507892X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415078924 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Цена: 3061.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Challenges long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don`t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but that revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of normal science.
Описание: Examines the secular creeds of the generation of intellectuals who, in the wake of The Origin of Species, wrested cultural authority from the old Anglican establishment while installing themselves as a new professional scientific elite.
An analysis of two heuristic strategies for the development of mechanistic models, illustrated with historical examples from the life sciences.
In Discovering Complexity, William Bechtel and Robert Richardson examine two heuristics that guided the development of mechanistic models in the life sciences: decomposition and localization. Drawing on historical cases from disciplines including cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, and genetics, they identify a number of "choice points" that life scientists confront in developing mechanistic explanations and show how different choices result in divergent explanatory models. Describing decomposition as the attempt to differentiate functional and structural components of a system and localization as the assignment of responsibility for specific functions to specific structures, Bechtel and Richardson examine the usefulness of these heuristics as well as their fallibility -- the sometimes false assumption underlying them that nature is significantly decomposable and hierarchically organized.
When Discovering Complexity was originally published in 1993, few philosophers of science perceived the centrality of seeking mechanisms to explain phenomena in biology, relying instead on the model of nomological explanation advanced by the logical positivists (a model Bechtel and Richardson found to be utterly inapplicable to the examples from the life sciences in their study). Since then, mechanism and mechanistic explanation have become widely discussed. In a substantive new introduction to this MIT Press edition of their book, Bechtel and Richardson examine both philosophical and scientific developments in research on mechanistic models since 1993.
Описание: The informational nature of biological organization, at levels from the genetic and epigenetic to the cognitive and linguistic.
Автор: Kindi Vasso Название: Kuhn`s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Revisited ISBN: 0415808553 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415808552 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 24499.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
The year 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Thomas S. Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Up until recently, the book's philosophical reception has been shaped, for the most part, by the debates and the climate in philosophy of science in the 1960s and 1970s; this new collection of essays takes a renewed look at this work.
This volume concentrates on particular issues addressed or raised in light of recent scholarship and without the pressure of the immediate concerns scholars had at the time of the Structure's publication. There has been extensive research on all of the major issues concerning the development of science which are discussed in Structure, work in which the scholars contributing to this volume have all been actively involved. In recent years they have pursued novel research on a number of topics relevant to Structure's concerns, such as the nature and function of concepts, the complexity of logical positivism and its legacy, the relation of history to philosophy of science, the character of scientific progress and rationality, and scientific realism, all of which are brought together and given new light in this text. In this way, our book makes new connections and undertakes new approaches in an effort to understand the Structure's significance in the canon of philosophy of science.
Автор: Feyerabend Название: Realism, Rationalism and Scientific Method ISBN: 0521316421 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521316422 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 4435.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Over the past 30 years of the 20th century, Paul Feyerabend has developed a distinctive and influentical approach to problems in the philosophy of science. The most important and seminal of his published essays are collected here.
A broad theory of research methodology for psychology and the behavioral sciences that offers a coherent treatment of a range of behavioral research methods.
This book considers scientific method in the behavioral sciences, with particular reference to psychology. Psychologists learn about research methods and use them to conduct their research, but their training teaches them little about the nature of scientific method itself. In Investigating the Psychological World, Brian Haig fills this gap. Drawing on behavioral science methodology, the philosophy of science, and statistical theory, Haig constructs a broad theory of scientific method that has particular relevance for the behavioral sciences. He terms this account of method the abductive theory of method (ATOM) in recognition of the importance it assigns to explanatory reasoning. ATOM offers the framework for a coherent treatment of a range of quantitative and qualitative behavioral research methods, giving equal treatment to data-analytic methods and methods of theory construction.
Haig draws on the new experimentalism in the philosophy of science to reconstruct the process of phenomena detection as it applies to psychology; he considers the logic and purpose of exploratory factor analysis; he discusses analogical modeling as a means of theory development; and he recommends the use of inference to the best explanation for evaluating theories in psychology. Finally, he outlines the nature of research problems, discusses the nature of the abductive method, and describes applications of the method to grounded theory method and clinical reasoning. The book will be of interest not only to philosophers of science but also to psychological researchers who want to deepen their conceptual understanding of research methods and methodological concerns.
Автор: Fraassen Bas C van Название: Scientific Representation ISBN: 0199278237 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199278237 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 5859.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Bas C. van Fraassen presents an original exploration of how we represent the world. He investigates the nature of representation in both science and art; he defends a distinctive position in contemporary philosophy of science; and he illuminates the complex relationship between appearance and reality.
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