Îïèñàíèå: The three-part treatment Photorefractive Effects, Materials and Applications offers comprehensive treatments of the fundamental phenomena, materials and the applications. Volume I deals with the basic phenomena of photorefraction. A comprehensive treatment of photorefractive effects in crystals is given. The book reviews our present understanding of the fundamental origins of the effect in a variety of materials from ferroelectrics to compound semiconductors, organic crystals and polymers. This book has been prepared for researchers in the field as well as for students of solid-state physics and engineering. The chapters contain and convey a thorough understanding of the photorefractive effect, as well as providing a useful reference source for researchers already involved in this field.
Îïèñàíèå: This is the third and final volume of a three volumes book series devoted to photorefractive effects, photorefractive materials and their applications. Since the publication of our first two Springer books on "Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications" (Topics in Applied Physics, Vols 61 and 62) almost 20 years ago a lot of research has been done in this area. New and often unexpected effects have been discovered, theoretical models developed, known effects could be finally explained and novel applications had been proposed. We believe that the field has now reached a high level of maturity, even if research continues in all areas mentioned above and with new discoveries arriving quite regularly.We therefore have decided to invite some of the top experts in the field to put together the state of the art in their respective fields. This after we had been encouraged to do so for more than ten years by the publisher, due to the fact that the former volumes were out of print since long time.The first volume is devoted to the description of the basic effects leading to photoinduced refractive index changes in electro-optical materials. In the second volume the status of the most recent developments in the field of photorefractive materials is reviewed and the parameters, which govern the photorefractive nonlinearity are highlighted.This third volume deals with the applications of the photorefractive effects and of materials. Starting about 35 years ago the attractivity of the photorefractive effect for data storage, for optical metrology, optical signal processing and nonlinear optical applications has been recognized. One of the main reasons for this is the large nonlinearity or refractive index change, which can be induced by low light intensities by using the photoinduced space-charge fields in electro-optical materials. Many new concepts have been demonstrated in the laboratories over all these years. Several of these concepts have been proved useful also in other areas of nonlinear optics. Particularly interesting was the observation of a large energy from pump beams to the signal beam in two- and fourwave mixing experiments. This effects lead to coherent amplification of a waveform covering spatial information and to self-pumped optical phase conjugation with applications in the area of wavefront correction of self-induced optical resonators.In this third volume a series of applications of photorefractive nonlinear optics and of optical data storage are presented in several chapters.This and the other two volumes on photorefractive effects, materials and applications have been prepared mainly for researchers in the field, but also for physics, engineering and materials science students. Several chapters contain sufficient introductory material for those not so familiar with the topic to obtain a thorough understanding of the photorefractive effect. We hope that for researchers active in the field these books should provide a useful reference source for their work.
Îïèñàíèå: This book provides comprehensive, state-of-the art coverage of photorefractive organic compounds, a class of material with the ability to change their index of refraction upon illumination. The change is both dynamic and reversible. Dynamic because no external processing is required for the index modulation to be revealed, and reversible because the index change can be modified or suppressed by altering the illumination pattern. These properties make photorefractive materials very attractive candidates for many applications such as image restoration, correlation, beam conjugation, non-destructive testing, data storage, imaging through scattering media, holographic imaging and display. The field of photorefractive organic material is also closely related to organic photovoltaic and light emitting diode (OLED), which makes new discoveries in one field applicable to others.
Îïèñàíèå: These books, with of a total of 40 chapters, are a comprehensive and complete introductory text on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials. They are aimed at graduate students and researchers whose background is chemistry, physics, materials science, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and biomedical science. The first part emphasizes the chemical and physical approaches used for synthesis of nanomaterials. The second part emphasizes the techniques used for characterizing the structure and properties of nanomaterials, aiming at describing the physical mechanism, data interpretation, and detailed applications of the techniques. The final part focuses on systems of different nanostructural materials with novel properties and applications.
