Автор: Barnat Edward V., Lu Toh-Ming Название: Pulsed and Pulsed Bias Sputtering / Principles and Applications ISBN: 140207543X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781402075438 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 19564.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Pulsed and pulsed bias sputter deposition are advanced thin deposition techniques that allow one to produce high quality metal and insulating films. In the pulsed sputtering case, the technique allows one to deposit insulating films while minimizing adverse effects associated with charge accumulation on the target in the reactive deposition mode. In the pulsed bias sputtering case, one can deposit metal films on an insulating substrate while controlling the degree of charging on the substrate. One of the important aspects of these techniques is to be able to control the film properties such as density, orientation, texture, and morphology during deposition. This book provides basic knowledge on the design of the instrumentation for pulsed and pulsed bias sputtering techniques as well as the knowledge for the control of thin film properties using the deposition parameters such as pulsing cycle and duty.The book focuses on the basic principles and experimentation of the pulsed and pulsed bias sputter deposition of thin films. The transient charging characteristics of the target in the DC reactive sputtering of insulator films and of the insulating substrate in the DC sputtering of metal films without the pulsing are discussed in detail. The predictions and experimentation of the discharging (neutralization) strategies using pulsing potentials are presented. Examples are given on the growth of thin films using these strategies and on the relationship between the film properties the pulsing parameters. In addition, the book also presents in a coherent manner the basic physics of DC plasma formation and the utilization of the plasma in the sputtering environment. The book will not only be useful for academic researchers but also for industrial scientists interested in sputter coating of high quality metal and insulating films.
Описание: Covers the important new developments in meta-analysis methods over the last 14 years
Автор: Barrow, John D.; Tipler, Frank J. Название: Anthropic Cosmological Principle ISBN: 0192821474 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780192821478 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 2691.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A study of the anthropic cosmological principle, with reference to various scientific disciplines. The work also includes chapters on the nature of life, extraterrestrial intelligence and the quantum theory.
Автор: Giovanni Sartor; Pompeu Casanovas; Mariangela Bias Название: Approaches to Legal Ontologies ISBN: 9400734751 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400734753 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 23757.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Plugging a gap in the market with its exploration of current methodologies and theoretical approaches to legal ontologies, this volume will enhance the retrieval and processing of legal data from the Semantic Web. It covers a range of ontological approaches.
Автор: Aaron Kesselheim Название: Blinding as a Solution to Bias ISBN: 0128024607 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780128024607 Издательство: Elsevier Science Рейтинг: Цена: 12462.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
What information should jurors have during court proceedings to render a just decision? Should politicians know who is donating money to their campaigns? Will scientists draw biased conclusions about drug efficacy when they know more about the patient or study population? The potential for bias in decision-making by physicians, lawyers, politicians, and scientists has been recognized for hundreds of years and drawn attention from media and scholars seeking to understand the role that conflicts of interests and other psychological processes play. However, commonly proposed solutions to biased decision-making, such as transparency (disclosing conflicts) or exclusion (avoiding conflicts) do not directly solve the underlying problem of bias and may have unintended consequences.
Robertson and Kesselheim bring together a renowned group of interdisciplinary scholars to consider another way to reduce the risk of biased decision-making: blinding. What are the advantages and limitations of blinding? How can we quantify the biases in unblinded research? Can we develop new ways to blind decision-makers? What are the ethical problems with withholding information from decision-makers in the course of blinding? How can blinding be adapted to legal and scientific procedures and in institutions not previously open to this approach? Fundamentally, these sorts of questions--about who needs to know what--open new doors of inquiry for the design of scientific research studies, regulatory institutions, and courts.
The volume surveys the theory, practice, and future of blinding, drawing upon leading authors with a diverse range of methodologies and areas of expertise, including forensic sciences, medicine, law, philosophy, economics, psychology, sociology, and statistics.
Автор: Barton Название: The Lawyer-Judge Bias in the American Legal System ISBN: 110761614X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107616141 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6494.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Virtually all American judges are former lawyers, a shared background that results in the lawyer-judge bias. This book argues that these lawyer-judges instinctively favor the legal profession in their decisions and that this bias has far-reaching and deleterious effects on American law.
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