Описание: Challenges long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don`t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but that revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of normal science.
Описание: A straight-talking guidebook to the many ways our elected officials distort science to serve politics.
Автор: F. Stadler Название: Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development ISBN: 9048143322 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048143320 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 27251.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future.
Описание: Three events, which happened all within the same week some ten years ago, set me on the track which the book describes. The first was a reading of Emile Meyerson works in the course of a prolonged research on Einstein's relativity theory, which sent me back to Meyerson's Ident- ity and Reality, where I read and reread the striking chapter on "Ir- rationality." In my earlier researches into the origins of French Conven- tionalism I came to know similar views, all apparently deriving from Emile Boutroux's doctoral thesis of 1874 De fa contingence des lois de la nature and his notes of the 1892-3 course he taught at the Sorbonne De 'idee de fa loi naturelle dans la science et la philosophie contempo- raines. But never before was the full effect of the argument so suddenly clear as when I read Meyerson. On the same week I read, by sheer accident, Ernest Moody's two- parts paper in the JHIof 1951, "Galileo and Avempace." Put near Meyerson's thesis, what Moody argued was a striking confirmation: it was the sheer irrationality of the Platonic tradition, leading from A vem- pace to Galileo, which was the working conceptual force behind the notion of a non-appearing nature, active all the time but always sub- merged, as it is embodied in the concept of void and motion in it.
An analysis of two heuristic strategies for the development of mechanistic models, illustrated with historical examples from the life sciences.
In Discovering Complexity, William Bechtel and Robert Richardson examine two heuristics that guided the development of mechanistic models in the life sciences: decomposition and localization. Drawing on historical cases from disciplines including cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, and genetics, they identify a number of "choice points" that life scientists confront in developing mechanistic explanations and show how different choices result in divergent explanatory models. Describing decomposition as the attempt to differentiate functional and structural components of a system and localization as the assignment of responsibility for specific functions to specific structures, Bechtel and Richardson examine the usefulness of these heuristics as well as their fallibility -- the sometimes false assumption underlying them that nature is significantly decomposable and hierarchically organized.
When Discovering Complexity was originally published in 1993, few philosophers of science perceived the centrality of seeking mechanisms to explain phenomena in biology, relying instead on the model of nomological explanation advanced by the logical positivists (a model Bechtel and Richardson found to be utterly inapplicable to the examples from the life sciences in their study). Since then, mechanism and mechanistic explanation have become widely discussed. In a substantive new introduction to this MIT Press edition of their book, Bechtel and Richardson examine both philosophical and scientific developments in research on mechanistic models since 1993.
Автор: M. Bunge Название: Scientific Research II ISBN: 364248140X ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642481406 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: P-jT T presupposes P p, q arbitrary (unspecified) propositions (statements) P(x) x has the property P (or x is a P) {xl P(x)} set of the x such that every x is a P pVq p and/or q (inclusive disjunction) p &q p and q (conjunction) p-+q if p, then q (conditional or implication) p if and only if q (biconditional or equivalence) p-q sum over i 2:;
Описание: From the nineteen sixties onwards a branch of philosophy of science has come to development, called history-oriented philosophy of science. to develop accounts of science that would be more adequate for understanding the development 1 of real life science.
Автор: K. Gavroglu; Yorgos Goudaroulis; P. Nicolacopoulos Название: Imre Lakatos and Theories of Scientific Change ISBN: 9401078602 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401078603 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 41647.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: How happy it is to recall Imre Lakatos. That the new friends include a dozen scientific, historical and philosophical scholars from Greece would have pleased Lakatos very much, and with an essay from China, he would have smiled all the more.
Автор: G.L. Pandit Название: The Structure and Growth of Scientific Knowledge ISBN: 9048183758 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048183753 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 25149.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: During the 1950`s, a vigorous new research program in logic was under- taken, and the initial published work -characteristic of most Soviet pub- lications in the logic and methodology of the sciences - was a collection of essays, Logical Investigations (Moscow, 1959).
Автор: Maria Carla Galavotti; A. Pagnini Название: Experience, Reality, and Scientific Explanation ISBN: 0792354974 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792354970 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20962.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Contains essays that cover topics related to the work of Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. This volume includes discussions of scientific explanation, rationality, inference and induction, social behaviour, philosophy of physics and biology. It is intended for scholars and researchers in such fields as philosophy of science and epistemology.
Автор: Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara; Kees Doets; Daniele Mund Название: Logic and Scientific Methods ISBN: 0792343832 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792343837 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 46399.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Contains the papers submitted by the participants to the Tenth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Florence, August 1995. This work covers the traditional subdisciplines of mathematical logic and philosophical logic, as well as their interfaces with computer science, linguistics and philosophy.
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