Описание: This volume explores the role of informal networks in the politics of Middle Eastern economic reform. They help us understand patterns and variation in the organization and outcome of economic reform programs, including the opportunities that economic reforms offered for reorganizing networks of economic privilege across the Middle East.
Автор: Eichengreen, Barry Название: Exorbitant Privilege ISBN: 0199596719 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199596713 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 5146.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Since the Second World War, the US dollar has been the world`s sole international reserve currency, giving it, in the words of one critic, `exorbitant privilege`. But in the wake of the worldwide financial crisis, will other currencies overtake it? And what impact would that have? Eichengreen explains the history and assesses what may come.
Автор: Gelvanovska, Rogy & Rossotto Название: Broadband Networks In The Middle East And North Africa ISBN: 1464801126 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464801129 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 4019.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Just as the steam engine was the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution, today, broadband Internet is seen as critical to the transition of knowledge-intensive economies across the world. As a general purpose technology, broadband Internet is considered a fundamental driver of economic growth and social development, releasing the innovative potential and energy of previously disenfranchised members of the population. Many of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) now recognize that broadband Internet is crucial to their efforts to reduce poverty and create job opportunities, especially for their young populations and for women. Broadband Networks in the Middle East and North Africa re-emphasizes the important contribution that broadband Internet can make and assesses the status of existing nfrastructure in at least 18 MENA countries. While there is significant potential across the region, the take-up of broadband Internet has been slow and the price of broadband service is high in many countries. In large part, this stems from market structures that, too often, reflect the past when telecommunications were treated as a monopoly utility service. The report finds that there are gaps in infrastructure regionally with no connectivity between neighboring countries in some cases. Similarly, there are gaps within countries exacerbating the (digital) divide between rural and urban areas. Broadband Networks in the Middle East and North Africa examines the regulatory and market bottlenecks that are hampering the growth of the Internet in these and other MENA countries: the five North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia); the six Mashreq countries (the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank and Gaza economy); the six Gulf countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates); and Djibouti and the Republic of Yemen. Last, the report provides policy and regulatory options for increasing effective use of existing fixed and mobile infrastructure as well as alternative infrastructure networks such as power grids and railroads. It explains the benefits of effective cross-sector infrastructure construction frameworks, highlighting the need to adjust market structures to foster competitive behavior among service providers to bring down prices and stimulate the demand for value-added services to drive future broadband development.
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