The advent of Islam in the seventh century brought profound economic changes to the Jews living in the Middle East, and Talmudic law, compiled in and for an agrarian society, was ill equipped to address an increasingly mercantile world. In response, and over the course of the seventh through eleventh centuries, the heads of the Jewish yeshivot of Iraq sought precedence in custom to adapt Jewish law to the new economic and social reality. In Maimonides and the Merchants, Mark R. Cohen reveals the extent of even further pragmatic revisions to the halakha, or body of Jewish law, introduced by Moses Maimonides in his Mishneh Torah, the comprehensive legal code he compiled in the late twelfth century. While Maimonides insisted that he was merely restating already established legal practice, Cohen uncovers the extensive reformulations that further inscribed commerce into Jewish law. Maimonides revised Talmudic partnership regulations, created a judicial method to enable Jewish courts to enforce forms of commercial agency unknown in the Talmud, and even modified the halakha to accommodate the new use of paper for writing business contracts. Over and again, Cohen demonstrates, the language of Talmudic rulings was altered to provide Jewish merchants arranging commercial collaborations or litigating disputes with alternatives to Islamic law and the Islamic judicial system. Thanks to the business letters, legal documents, and accounts found in the manuscript stockpile known as the Cairo Geniza, we are able to reconstruct in fine detail Jewish involvement in the marketplace practices that contemporaries called "the custom of the merchants." In Maimonides and the Merchants, Cohen has written a stunning reappraisal of how these same customs inflected Jewish law as it had been passed down through the centuries.
Описание: Drawing upon wide-ranging studies of prehistoric human remains from Europe, northern Africa, Asia, and the Americas, this groundbreaking volume unites physical anthropologists, archaeologists, and economists to explore how social structure can be reflected in the human skeleton. Contributors identify many ways in which social, political, and economic inequality have affected health, disease, metabolic insufficiency, growth, and diet. The volume makes a strong case for a broader integration of bioarchaeology with mortuary archaeology as its distinctive approaches offer new ways to look at power, resources, social organization, and the shape of human lives over time and across cultures. Contributors: Marshall Joseph Becker - Tracy K. Betsinger - Ruth A. Brinker - Carles Boix - Mark N. Cohen - Della Collins Cook - Marie Danforth - Jack L. Davis - Misty Fields - Ryan P. Harrod - Amanda R. Harvey - Sylvia A. Jimenez-Brobeil - Haagen D. Klaus - Evangelia Malapani - Lourdes Marquez Morfin - Debra L. Martin - Sari Miller-Antonio - Robin Moser Knabel - Sarah Muno - Joanne Murphy - Luis Fernando Nunez - Anastasia Papathanasiou - Ekaterina Pechenkina - Michael Richards - Gwen Robbins Schug - Frances Rosenbluth - Izumi Shimada - Ken-ichi Shinoda - Maria G. Roca - Ellen Salter-Pedersen - Lynne A. Schepartz - Nancy A. Ross-Stallings - Sharon R. Stocker - Rebecca Storey - Paraskevi Tritsaroli - Mario Vasquez - Fan Wenquan - Lori Wright - Ma Xiaolin - Sonia Zakrzewski A volume in the series Bioarchaeological Interpretations of the Human Past: Local, Regional, and Global Perspectives, edited by Clark Spencer Larsen
Автор: Cohen, Mark R. Название: Jewish self-government in medieval egypt ISBN: 0691642885 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691642888 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 23760.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Under three successive Islamic dynasties--the Fatimids, the Ayyubids, and the Mamluks--the Egyptian Office of the Head of the Jews (also known as the Nagid) became the most powerful representative of medieval Jewish autonomy in the Islamic world. To determine the origins of this institution, Mark Cohen concentrates on the complex web of internal and external circumstances during the latter part of the eleventh century.
Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Описание: Enlarges the geographical range of paleopathological studies by including new work from both established and up-and-coming scholars. Moving beyond the Western Hemisphere and western Eurasia, this collection involves studies from Chile, Peru, Mexico, the United States, Denmark, Britain, Portugal, South Africa, Israel, India, Vietnam, Thailand, China, and Mongolia.
