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Targeting Civilians in War, Downes Alexander B.


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Автор: Downes Alexander B.
Название:  Targeting Civilians in War
ISBN: 9780801478376
Издательство: Wiley EDC
Классификация:
ISBN-10: 0801478375
Обложка/Формат: Paperback
Страницы: 328
Вес: 0.46 кг.
Дата издания: 28.08.2012
Серия: Cornell studies in security affairs
Язык: English
Иллюстрации: 23 tables, unspecified
Размер: 235 x 159 x 19
Читательская аудитория: General (us: trade)
Ключевые слова: Military tactics, HISTORY / Military / Strategy
Рейтинг:
Поставляется из: Англии
Описание:

Accidental harm to civilians in warfare often becomes an occasion for public outrage, from citizens of both the victimized and the victimizing nation. In this vitally important book on a topic of acute concern for anyone interested in military strategy, international security, or human rights, Alexander B. Downes reminds readers that democratic and authoritarian governments alike will sometimes deliberately kill large numbers of civilians as a matter of military strategy. What leads governments to make such a choice?

Downes examines several historical cases: British counterinsurgency tactics during the Boer War, the starvation blockade used by the Allies against Germany in World War I, Axis and Allied bombing campaigns in World War II, and ethnic cleansing in the Palestine War. He concludes that governments decide to target civilian populations for two main reasons—desperation to reduce their own military casualties or avert defeat, or a desire to seize and annex enemy territory. When a states military fortunes take a turn for the worse, he finds, civilians are more likely to be declared legitimate targets to coerce the enemy state to give up. When territorial conquest and annexation are the aims of warfare, the population of the disputed land is viewed as a threat and the aggressor state may target those civilians to remove them. Democracies historically have proven especially likely to target civilians in desperate circumstances.

In Targeting Civilians in War, Downes explores several major recent conflicts, including the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Civilian casualties occurred in each campaign, but they were not the aim of military action. In these cases, Downes maintains, the achievement of quick and decisive victories against overmatched foes allowed democracies to win without abandoning their normative beliefs by intentionally targeting civilians. Whether such restraint can be guaranteed in future conflicts against more powerful adversaries is, however, uncertain. During times of war, democratic societies suffer tension between norms of humane conduct and pressures to win at the lowest possible costs. The painful lesson of Targeting Civilians in War is that when these two concerns clash, the latter usually prevails.


Дополнительное описание:

Introduction1. Defining and Explaining Civilian Victimization2. Statistical Tests: Civilian Victimization, Mass Killing, and Civilian Casualties in Interstate Wars3. The Starvation Blockades of World War I: Britain and Germany4. Strategic Bombing in Wo



Cambridge English for Job-hunting Intermediate to Advanced Student`s Book with Audio CDs (2)

Автор: Colm Downes
Название: Cambridge English for Job-hunting Intermediate to Advanced Student`s Book with Audio CDs (2)
ISBN: 0521722152 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521722155
Издательство: Cambridge University Press
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Цена: 7850.00 р.
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Описание: A short self-study or classroom course (40-60 hours) for professionals and students who need to apply for jobs in English.

Quant Job Interview Questions and Answers (Second Edition)

Автор: Joshi Mark, Denson Nicholas, Downes Andrew
Название: Quant Job Interview Questions and Answers (Second Edition)
ISBN: 0987122827 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780987122827
Издательство: Неизвестно
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Цена: 9562.00 р.
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The Crazy Gang

Автор: Bassett, Dave, Downes, Wally
Название: The Crazy Gang
ISBN: 0857503251 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780857503251
Издательство: Random House - Penguin
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Цена: 1715.00 р.
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Описание: Promoted to the Football League in 1977, Wimbledon FC was a small team from south London that against the odds went all the way to the top of the First Division, then to win the FA Cup, in only just over a decade. With no money, scant resources and a blend of youth players and offcuts from other clubs, they were christened `Rag-Arse Rovers`.

Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms

Автор: Downes, John
Название: Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms
ISBN: 1438001401 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781438001401
Издательство: Kaplan & Barrons
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Цена: 1958.00 р.
Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.

Описание: More than 5,000 terms related to stocks, bonds, mutual funds, banking, tax laws, and transactions in the various financial markets are presented alphabetically with descriptions. The new ninth edition has been updated to take account of new financial regulations and recent dramatic swings in equities, credit, and other financial developments. Readers will also find a list of financial abbreviations and acronyms, as well as illustrative diagrams and charts. Here s a valuable, thorough dictionary for business students, financial professionals, or private investors.

Dictionary of Finance and InvestmentTerms 8

Автор: Downes, John
Название: Dictionary of Finance and InvestmentTerms 8
ISBN: 0764143042 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780764143045
Издательство: Ingram
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Цена: 2068.00 р.
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Описание: Eighth edition.

Centre for Fortean Zoology Yearbook 2016

Автор: Downes Jonathan
Название: Centre for Fortean Zoology Yearbook 2016
ISBN: 1909488429 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781909488427
Издательство: Неизвестно
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Цена: 3311.00 р.
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Big Bang Disruption

Автор: Larry Downes and Paul Nunes
Название: Big Bang Disruption
ISBN: 0241003539 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780241003534
Издательство: Random House - Penguin
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Цена: 2111.00 р.
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Описание: Based on extensive research by the Accenture Institute for High Performance and interviews from over 30 industries, this book intends to give you the tools to take control of your future.

Owlman and others

Автор: Downes, Jonathan
Название: Owlman and others
ISBN: 1905723024 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781905723027
Издательство: Неизвестно
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Цена: 4136.00 р.
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Описание: EASTER 1976 - Two young girls playing in the churchyard of Mawnan Old Church in southern Cornwall were frightened by what they described as a "nasty bird-man" flying over the church tower. A few months later it was seen again, and the witness said: "It was like a big owl with pointed ears, as big as a man. The eyes were red and glowing. At first I thought that it someone dressed-up, playing a joke, trying to scare us. I laughed at it. We both did. Then it went up in the air and we both screamed. When it went up you could see its feet were like pincers " Her friend added some details of her own: "It's true. It was horrible, a nasty owl-face with big ears and big red eyes. It was covered in grey feathers. The claws on its feet were black. It just flew up and disappeared in the trees." These were the first of a series of sightings of what has become known as 'The Owlman of Mawnan' - a series of sightings that has continued to the present day. These grotesque and frightening episodes have fascinated researchers for three decades now, and one man has spent years collecting all the available evidence into a book. To mark the 30th anniversary of these sightings, Jonathan Downes, the Director of the Centre for Fortean Zoology - the world's largest mystery animal research group - has published a special edition of his book 'The Owlman and Others' which was first published in 1997. A witness who saw the creature in 1995 likened it to"a vision from hell," and another witness (identified only as Gavin ) describes how his Owlman sighting in 1989 has blighted his life ever since. The book also tells the story of Morgawr - the Cornish Sea Serpent, and the summer of 1976, which was not only the hottest on record, but was the year that the whole of southern Cornwall went crazy "I have explored various explanations for the events in the book" says Jon, "and I am not completely sure which one is true. But I know one thing for sure. I wouldn't let my children play alone in those woods...."

Report of the Trial in the Case of the Duke of Richmond Versus John Magee

Автор: Downes
Название: Report of the Trial in the Case of the Duke of Richmond Versus John Magee
ISBN: 1275557562 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781275557567
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 2586.00 р.
Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.


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