Sloss David L Death of Treaty Supremacy 9780199364022

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Автор: Sloss David L
Название: Death of Treaty Supremacy
ISBN: 9780199364022
Издательство: Oxford Academ
Классификация:

Международные отношения

История государства и права

Международное публичное право

Конституционное и административное право

ISBN-10: 0199364028
Обложка/Формат: Hardback
Страницы: 472
Вес: 0.82 кг.
Дата издания: 27.10.2016
Язык: English
Размер: 241 x 167 x 31
Читательская аудитория: General (us: trade)
Подзаголовок: An invisible constitutional change
Ссылка на Издательство: Link
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Поставляется из: Англии
Описание: This book provides the first detailed history of the Constitutions treaty supremacy rule. It describes a process of invisible constitutional change. The traditional supremacy rule provided that all treaties supersede conflicting state laws; it precluded state governments from violating U.S.
treaty obligations. Before 1945, treaty supremacy and self-execution were independent doctrines. Supremacy governed the relationship between treaties and state law. Self-execution governed the division of power over treaty implementation between Congress and the President. In 1945, the U.S. ratified
the UN Charter, which obligates nations to promote human rights for all without distinction as to race. In 1950, a California court applied the Charters human rights provisions and the traditional treaty supremacy rule to invalidate a state law that discriminated against Japanese nationals. The
implications were shocking: the decision implied that the United States had effectively abrogated Jim Crow laws throughout the South by ratifying the UN Charter. In response, conservatives mobilized support for a constitutional amendment, known as the Bricker Amendment, to abolish the treaty
supremacy rule. The amendment never passed, but Brickers supporters achieved their goals through de facto constitutional change. The de facto Bricker Amendment created a novel exception to the treaty supremacy rule for non-self-executing (NSE) treaties. The exception permits state governments to
violate NSE treaties without authorization from the federal political branches. The death of treaty supremacy has significant implications for U.S. foreign policy and for U.S. compliance with its treaty obligations.

Death of Treaty Supremacy, Sloss David L