Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Road Transport in Cities, Markiewicz

Автор: Sanna Aimaro & Maroto-Valer Mercedes
Название: Co2 Sequestration By Ex-Situ Mineral Carbonation
ISBN: 178634159X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781786341594
Издательство: World Scientific Publishing
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Описание:

To meet human energy needs, the use of fossil fuels is set to continue well into the second half of the 21^st century. In order to avoid irreversible climate change, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) must be integrated into industrial processes. Mineral carbonation (MC) is increasingly seen as an effective technology solution for CCS of CO₂. With the potential to sequester billions of tonnes per year, remarkable developments in mineral carbonation technology are taking place, particularly in USA, Australia and the European Union.

This book brings together some of the world's leading experts in the field of sequestration to provide a critical assessment of progress to date. Chapters cover the resources available for MC, and also give a critical analysis of the technologies developed for sequestering carbon from industrial and power plants, including the use of the resultant carbonated product. The studies conclude with evaluation of key technical and economic obstacles which need to be addressed for future research, development and application. CO₂ Sequestration by Ex-Situ Mineral Carbonation is essential reading for engineers, chemists and materials scientists in graduate or research positions, and for those interested in sustainability, the environment and ecology.

Автор: Kunaka, Tanase, Latrille & Kraus
Название: Quantitative Analysis Of Road Transport Agreements - Quarta
ISBN: 0821398512 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780821398517
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Описание: Road freight transport plays an indispensable role in international economic cooperation and foreign trade. For short and medium distances in particular, road freight transport constitutes a predominant share of overall traffic, but it also plays a significant role in long distance haulage, where time is more of an issue. Therefore, efforts should be made to minimize any physical or administrative barriers hampering international road freight transport, given the integral part it plays in the global trade logistics industry. <br><br>This study was motivated by a realisation that, in the absence of full liberalisation of market access, bilateral agreements are the main instrument used to govern and regulate international road transport services. Depending on their scope and the rights they grant, bilateral agreements reflect the degree of market openness between countries. <br><br>The study finds that: <ul><li>The texts of the bilateral agreements remain, for the most part, unknown to their intended users. Even bilateral agreements regulating the same area tend to be different in their content. </li><li>There is no overarching international template for bilateral road transport agreements. Where model agreements have been used to fill the void, their objective and limitations are not clearly defined. </li><li>There are several core elements that any bilateral road transport agreement should contain, including provisions on scope, permit management, transit rights, cabotage and other limitations, and routes. Agreements should limit the possibilities of interpretations, rent seeking behaviours and other inefficient practices. </li><li>Assessing the extent to which bilateral agreements have been implemented is difficult, yet any agreement is only as good as the extent of its implementation and enforcement. More energy should be invested in supporting the proper implementation of trade facilitation measures. </li><li>The report demonstrates that it is possible to follow a systematic methodology to assess bilateral agreements between countries, and the extent to which any agreement contributes to integrated and efficient international road transport services. The report’s main message is that reform should navigate a clearly defined path, which takes into account different technical, political and economic considerations.