A rigorous and innovative approach for integrating environmental policies and fiscal reform for the U.S. economy.
Energy utilization, especially from fossil fuels, creates hidden costs in the form of pollution and environmental damages. The costs are well documented but are hidden in the sense that they occur outside the market, are not reflected in market prices, and are not taken into account by energy users. Double Dividend presents a novel method for designing environmental taxes that correct market prices so that they reflect the true cost of energy. The resulting revenue can be used in reducing the burden of the overall tax system and improving the performance of the economy, creating the double dividend of the title.
The authors simulate the impact of environmental taxes on the U.S. economy using their Intertemporal General Equilibrium Model (IGEM). This highly innovative model incorporates expectations about future prices and policies. The model is estimated econometrically from an extensive 50-year dataset to incorporate the heterogeneity of producers and consumers. This approach generates confidence intervals for the outcomes of changes in economic policies, a new feature for models used in analyzing energy and environmental policies. These outcomes include the welfare impacts on individual households, distinguished by demographic characteristics, and for society as a whole, decomposed between efficiency and equity.
Автор: Williamson Vanessa Название: Read My Lips: Why Americans Are Proud to Pay Taxes ISBN: 0691174555 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691174556 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 5544.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
A surprising and revealing look at what Americans really believe about taxes
Conventional wisdom holds that Americans hate taxes. But the conventional wisdom is wrong. Bringing together national survey data with in-depth interviews, Read My Lips presents a surprising picture of tax attitudes in the United States. Vanessa Williamson demonstrates that Americans view taxpaying as a civic responsibility and a moral obligation. But they worry that others are shirking their duties, in part because the experience of taxpaying misleads Americans about who pays taxes and how much. Perceived "loopholes" convince many income tax filers that a flat tax might actually raise taxes on the rich, and the relative invisibility of the sales and payroll taxes encourages many to underestimate the sizable tax contributions made by poor and working people.
Americans see being a taxpayer as a role worthy of pride and respect, a sign that one is a contributing member of the community and the nation. For this reason, the belief that many Americans are not paying their share is deeply corrosive to the social fabric. The widespread misperception that immigrants, the poor, and working-class families pay little or no taxes substantially reduces public support for progressive spending programs and undercuts the political standing of low-income people. At the same time, the belief that the wealthy pay less than their share diminishes confidence that the political process represents most people.
Upending the idea of Americans as knee-jerk opponents of taxes, Read My Lips examines American taxpaying as an act of political faith. Ironically, the depth of the American civic commitment to taxpaying makes the failures of the tax system, perceived and real, especially potent frustrations.
Описание: This conference volume deals with the question of what the economic impact of a shift in federal taxation toward greater use of indirect taxes would be with respect to the rate of saving and investment, personal effort, the balance of payments, and the efficiency of resource use. A major focus therefore is on the economic growth and balance-of-paym
Автор: Piga Gustavo, Castellucci Laura, Markandya Anil Название: Environmental Taxes and Fiscal Reform ISBN: 0230392393 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780230392397 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12577.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A review of the literature on environmental taxes, focusing on European experiences, and analysing how such taxes can contribute to green causes as well as reducing the tax burden from "ordinary" taxation. The authors examine the potential `double dividend` from tax reform for helping the environment, reducing unemployment and encouraging growth.
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