A Critique of Proportionality and Balancing, Urbina

Автор: Klatt, Matthias; Meister, Moritz
Название: The Constitutional Structure of Proportionality
ISBN: 0199662460 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199662463
Издательство: Oxford Academ
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Описание: Proportionality is one of the most important principles in constitutional law, relevant throughout the law and in jurisdictions worldwide. Setting out the `state of the art` in proportionality doctrine, this book combines theoretical reconstruction with case-law examples, defending and developing the dominant model of proportionality.

Автор: Brady
Название: Proportionality and Deference under the UK Human Rights Act
ISBN: 1107013003 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107013001
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Описание: Alan D. P. Brady develops a new approach to the proportionality test under the Human Rights Act. Through a rigorous theoretical analysis of existing case law, he provides a new and effective explanation of proportionality and deference which will be of particular interest to academics, practitioners and research students.

Автор: Petersen
Название: Proportionality and Judicial Activism
ISBN: 1107177987 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107177987
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Описание: This book analyses the predominant tool of fundamental rights review in the world - the proportionality test. An empirical and comparative analysis of courts in Canada, Germany and South Africa, it shows that courts avoid using proportionality as a means to make policy through legal decision making.

Автор: Henckels
Название: Proportionality and Deference in Investor-State Arbitration
ISBN: 1107087902 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107087903
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Описание: Investment treaty arbitration urgently requires a certain and consistent way of deciding regulatory disputes that pays due respect to the competing imperatives of investment protection and regulatory autonomy. Caroline Henckels argues that in such cases investment tribunals should employ proportionality analysis in combination with an institutionally sensitive standard of review.

Автор: Newton Michael A., May Larry
Название: Proportionality in International Law
ISBN: 0199355037 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199355037
Издательство: Oxford Academ
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Описание: Proportionality is intimately linked to the overarching concepts of self-defense, lawful force, and the controlled application of violence. It is one of the most visible facets of humanitarian law designed to reduce unnecessary human suffering and avoid excessive damage to property, and the
natural environment. However, its application has come under renewed scrutiny and sustained controversy as a result of wars against non-state actors and from the extensive use of drones, human shields, cyber war techniques, and counterinsurgency tactics.

Proportionality in International Law critically assesses the law of proportionality in normative terms combining abstract philosophical and legal analysis with highly emotive contemporary combat cases. The principle of proportionality permits actions that are logically linked to the intended goal,
and thus defines the permissible boundaries for the initiation and conduct of modern wars. The case studies discussed in this book are predominantly from the perspective of those who make decisions in the midst of armed conflict, bringing analytic rigor to the debates as well as sensitivity to facts
on the ground. The authors analyze modern usages of proportionality across a wide range of contexts enabling a more complete comprehension of the values that it preserves. This book contrasts the applications of proportionality in both jus ad bellum (the law and morality of resort to force) and
within jus in bello (the doctrines applicable for using force in the midst of conflicts). Proportionality in International Law provides the reader with a unique interdisciplinary approach, offering practitioners and policymakers alike greater clarity over how proportionality should be understood in
theory and in practice.