An analysis of two heuristic strategies for the development of mechanistic models, illustrated with historical examples from the life sciences.
In Discovering Complexity, William Bechtel and Robert Richardson examine two heuristics that guided the development of mechanistic models in the life sciences: decomposition and localization. Drawing on historical cases from disciplines including cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, and genetics, they identify a number of "choice points" that life scientists confront in developing mechanistic explanations and show how different choices result in divergent explanatory models. Describing decomposition as the attempt to differentiate functional and structural components of a system and localization as the assignment of responsibility for specific functions to specific structures, Bechtel and Richardson examine the usefulness of these heuristics as well as their fallibility -- the sometimes false assumption underlying them that nature is significantly decomposable and hierarchically organized.
When Discovering Complexity was originally published in 1993, few philosophers of science perceived the centrality of seeking mechanisms to explain phenomena in biology, relying instead on the model of nomological explanation advanced by the logical positivists (a model Bechtel and Richardson found to be utterly inapplicable to the examples from the life sciences in their study). Since then, mechanism and mechanistic explanation have become widely discussed. In a substantive new introduction to this MIT Press edition of their book, Bechtel and Richardson examine both philosophical and scientific developments in research on mechanistic models since 1993.
Описание: The book introduces new ways of using analytic number theory in cryptography and related areas, such as complexity theory and pseudorandom number generation.Cryptographers and number theorists will find this book useful. The former can learn about new number theoretic techniques which have proved to be invaluable cryptographic tools, the latter about new challenging areas of applications of their skills.
Автор: Volchenkov, Dimitri (texas Tech Univ, Usa) Название: Grammar of complexity: from mathematics to a sustainable world ISBN: 9813232498 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789813232495 Издательство: World Scientific Publishing Рейтинг: Цена: 14256.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
The book is an introduction, for both graduate students and newcomers to the field of the modern theory of mesoscopic complex systems, time series, hypergraphs and graphs, scaled random walks, and modern information theory. As these are applied for the exploration and characterization of complex systems. Our self-consistent review provides the necessary basis for consistency. We discuss a number of applications such diverse as urban structures and musical compositions.
Автор: Peter B?rgisser Название: Completeness and Reduction in Algebraic Complexity Theory ISBN: 3642086047 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642086045 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18860.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This is a thorough and comprehensive treatment of the theory of NP-completeness in the framework of algebraic complexity theory. Coverage includes Valiant`s algebraic theory of NP-completeness; interrelations with the classical theory as well as the Blum-Shub-Smale model of computation, questions of structural complexity;
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