Rightness as Fairness, Marcus Arvan

Автор: Baumard Nicolas, Baumard N.
Название: The Origins of Fairness: How Evolution Explains Our Moral Nature
ISBN: 0190210222 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780190210229
Издательство: Oxford Academ
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Описание: In order to describe the logic of morality, "contractualist" philosophers have studied how individuals behave when they choose to follow their moral intuitions. These individuals, contractualists note, often act as if they have bargained and thus reached an agreement with others about how to distribute the benefits and burdens of mutual cooperation. Using this observation, such philosophers argue that the purpose of morality is to maximize the benefits of human interaction. The resulting "contract" analogy is both insightful and puzzling. On one hand, it captures the pattern of moral intuitions, thus answering questions about human cooperation: why do humans cooperate? Why should the distribution of benefits be proportionate to each person's contribution? Why should the punishment be proportionate to the crime? Why should the rights be proportionate to the duties? On the other hand, the analogy provides a mere as-if explanation for human cooperation, saying that cooperation is "as if" people have passed a contract-but since they didn't, why should it be so?
To evolutionary thinkers, the puzzle of the missing contract is immediately reminiscent of the puzzle of the missing "designer" of life-forms, a puzzle that Darwin's theory of natural selection essentially resolved. Evolutionary and contractualist theory originally intersected at the work of philosophers John Rawls and David Gauthier, who argued that moral judgments are based on a sense of fairness that has been naturally selected.
In this book, Nicolas Baumard further explores the theory that morality was originally an adaptation to the biological market of cooperation, an arena in which individuals competed to be selected for cooperative interactions. In this environment, Baumard suggests, the best strategy was to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation in a fair way, so that those who offered less than others were left out of cooperation while those who offered more were exploited by their partners. It is with this evolutionary approach that Baumard ultimately accounts for the specific structure of human morality.

Автор: Geoff Moore
Название: Fairness in International Trade
ISBN: 940073218X ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400732186
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: This project drew together the work of scholars in five regions across the globe and is the first time that such a global perspective has been attempted.This book is aimed at academics working in the area of international trade or development economics particularly those who have an interest in the ethical dimensions of trade.

Автор: Oliver A. Johnson
Название: Rightness and Goodness
ISBN: 9401523703 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401523707
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: In its persistent attempt to do justice to the facts, even if this means abandoning the major tradition in the history of Western ethics, lies the main strength of the deontologists` position.

Автор: David Haslett
Название: Moral Rightness
ISBN: 9024716276 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789024716272
Издательство: Springer
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Автор: O.A. Johnson
Название: Rightness and Goodness
ISBN: 9024700566 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789024700561
Издательство: Springer
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Автор: McMahon
Название: Reasonableness and Fairness
ISBN: 1107177170 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107177178
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Описание: Christopher McMahon explores reasonableness, fairness, and justice as central concepts of the morality of reciprocal concern, arguing that this form of morality evolves as history unfolds, and therefore requires somewhat different actions and arrangements today than it did in the past. This book will interest scholars of ethics, political theory, and the history of ideas.

Автор: Tomasi John
Название: Free Market Fairness
ISBN: 0691158142 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691158143
Издательство: Wiley
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Описание: Can libertarians care about social justice? In Free Market Fairness, John Tomasi argues that they can and should. Drawing simultaneously on moral insights from defenders of economic liberty such as F. A. Hayek and advocates of social justice such as John Rawls, Tomasi presents a new theory of liberal justice. This theory, free market fairness, is c