This thesis addresses one of the most fundamental challenges for modern science: how can the brain as a network of neurons process information, how can it create and store internal models of our world, and how can it infer conclusions from ambiguous data? The author addresses these questions with the rigorous language of mathematics and theoretical physics, an approach that requires a high degree of abstraction to transfer results of wet lab biology to formal models.
The thesis starts with an in-depth description of the state-of-the-art in theoretical neuroscience, which it subsequently uses as a basis to develop several new and original ideas. Throughout the text, the author connects the form and function of neuronal networks. This is done in order to achieve functional performance of biological brains by transferring their form to synthetic electronics substrates, an approach referred to as neuromorphic computing. The obvious aspect that this transfer can never be perfect but necessarily leads to performance differences is substantiated and explored in detail.
The author also introduces a novel interpretation of the firing activity of neurons. He proposes a probabilistic interpretation of this activity and shows by means of formal derivations that stochastic neurons can sample from internally stored probability distributions. This is corroborated by the author’s recent findings, which confirm that biological features like the high conductance state of networks enable this mechanism. The author goes on to show that neural sampling can be implemented on synthetic neuromorphic circuits, paving the way for future applications in machine learning and cognitive computing, for example as energy-efficient implementations of deep learning networks.
The thesis offers an essential resource for newcomers to the field and an inspiration for scientists working in theoretical neuroscience and the future of computing.
Автор: Azlan Iqbal; Matej Guid; Simon Colton; Jana Krivec Название: The Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate ISBN: 3319280783 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319280783 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 9141.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This new approach called the Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate (DSNS) mimics the brain`s ability to combine fragments of seemingly unrelated information from different domains (such as chess, photographs and music) to inspire itself to create new objects in any of them.
Автор: Bernard Lerer; Samuel Gershon Название: New Directions in Affective Disorders ISBN: 1461281407 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781461281405 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book is presented as a 1989 update on the task set by Robert Burton in his "Anatomy ofMelancholy," published in 1621. Burton's treatise addressed ques- tions regarding depression which are still highly relevant today: ". . . What is it, with all the kinds, causes, symptoms, prognostickes and several cures ofit. . . . " These remain the core issues in affective disorders notwithstanding the remarkable progress that has been made in addressing them. New Directions in Affective Disorders sets out to provide an overviewofwhat has been achieved with particular emphasison developing trends and novel initiatives in bothfundamental research and treatment. The overriding objective of the book is to integrate significant contributions from basic and clinical science into a comprehensive format which will be of value to both clinicians and researchers. Intensive interest in affective illness isan inevitableconsequenceofthe frequency with which these disorders occur. Depression is the most common psychiatric condition, affecting as many as 50%ofpeople in Western countries at some time in their lives. National Institute ofMental Health Statistics estimate that 15% of adults between 18 and 74 years ofage may be suffering from serious depressive disorders in any given year. Depression is a serious condition with a high mortality. A suicide rate ofapproximately 20,000 deaths per year as a result of this illness is almost certainly a conservative estimate.
Автор: Nestor Schmajuk Название: Latent Inhibition and Its Neural Substrates ISBN: 1461352657 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781461352655 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Latent Inhibition and Its Neural Substrates describes a neural network model of attentional processes during associative learning, mainly latent inhibition, and shows how variables in the model can be mapped onto different brain regions and neurotransmitters.
Автор: Olausson Название: Affective Touch and the Neurophysiology of CT Afferents ISBN: 149396416X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781493964161 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 25155.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: CT afferents are receptors in mammalian hairy skin that fire action potentials when the skin is touched lightly which makes them particularly important in affective touch. Traditionally neuroscientific research has focused on more discriminative and haptic properties of touch that are mediated by large myelinated afferents and the coding properties and functional organization of unmyelinated CT afferents have been studied much less. The proposed volume will draw together existing knowledge in this nascent field. Separate sections will address (1) how we can measure affective touch, (2) CT structure and physiology, (3) CT processing, (4) the contribution of CTs to sexual behavior, (5) clinical relevance, (6) commercial relevance, and (7) future research considerations.?
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