Автор: Baumard Nicolas, Baumard N. Название: The Origins of Fairness: How Evolution Explains Our Moral Nature ISBN: 0190210222 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780190210229 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 10296.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In order to describe the logic of morality, "contractualist" philosophers have studied how individuals behave when they choose to follow their moral intuitions. These individuals, contractualists note, often act as if they have bargained and thus reached an agreement with others about how to distribute the benefits and burdens of mutual cooperation. Using this observation, such philosophers argue that the purpose of morality is to maximize the benefits of human interaction. The resulting "contract" analogy is both insightful and puzzling. On one hand, it captures the pattern of moral intuitions, thus answering questions about human cooperation: why do humans cooperate? Why should the distribution of benefits be proportionate to each person's contribution? Why should the punishment be proportionate to the crime? Why should the rights be proportionate to the duties? On the other hand, the analogy provides a mere as-if explanation for human cooperation, saying that cooperation is "as if" people have passed a contract-but since they didn't, why should it be so? To evolutionary thinkers, the puzzle of the missing contract is immediately reminiscent of the puzzle of the missing "designer" of life-forms, a puzzle that Darwin's theory of natural selection essentially resolved. Evolutionary and contractualist theory originally intersected at the work of philosophers John Rawls and David Gauthier, who argued that moral judgments are based on a sense of fairness that has been naturally selected. In this book, Nicolas Baumard further explores the theory that morality was originally an adaptation to the biological market of cooperation, an arena in which individuals competed to be selected for cooperative interactions. In this environment, Baumard suggests, the best strategy was to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation in a fair way, so that those who offered less than others were left out of cooperation while those who offered more were exploited by their partners. It is with this evolutionary approach that Baumard ultimately accounts for the specific structure of human morality.
Автор: Smit, Harry Название: Social evolution of human nature ISBN: 1107697557 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107697553 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 5069.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book sheds new light on the problem of how the human mind evolved. Harry Smit argues that current explanations misguidedly use variants of the Cartesian conception of the mind. The author shows that combining the Aristotelian conception with Darwin`s theory provides us with far more interesting answers.
Автор: McKenzie Alexander Название: The Structural Evolution of Morality ISBN: 0521152690 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521152693 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6653.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Drawing upon aspects of evolutionary game theory, the theory of bounded rationality, and computational models of social networks, this 2007 book shows how moral behaviour can emerge in socially structured environments, and how it can persist even when it is not typically viewed as `rational` from a traditional economic perspective.
Автор: Lewis Petrinovich Название: Human Evolution, Reproduction, and Morality ISBN: 0306449390 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780306449390 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18167.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Provides insight into the underlying beliefs that scientists have regarding moral and biological issues involved in human life - such as decisions that influence reproductive practices, the termination of life, and the pursuit of biomedical research. This volume uses a descriptive base to develop an ethic based on rational liberalism.
Автор: Haque Adil Ahmad Название: Law and Morality at War ISBN: 0199687390 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199687398 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 12514.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: What are the moral and legal issues of contemporary warfare? Drawing on cutting-edge debates in moral philosophy, this book proposes how the laws of war can be evaluated, criticized, and reformed, making a valuable and timely contribution to a pressing international debate.
Автор: Zamir, Eyal. Название: Law, economics, and morality / ISBN: 0195372166 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780195372168 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 13622.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Law, Economics, and Morality examines the possibility of combining economic methodology and deontological morality through explicit and direct incorporation of moral constraints into economic models. Economic analysis of law is a powerful analytical methodology. However, as a purely consequentialist approach, which determines the desirability of acts and rules solely by assessing the goodness of their outcomes, standard cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is normatively objectionable. Moderate deontology prioritizes such values as autonomy, basic liberties, truth-telling, and promise-keeping over the promotion of good outcomes. It holds that there are constraints on promoting the good. Such constraints may be overridden only if enough good (or bad) is at stake. While moderate deontology conforms to prevailing moral intuitions and legal doctrines, it is arguably lacking in methodological rigor and precision. Eyal Zamir and Barak Medina argue that the normative flaws of economic analysis can be rectified without relinquishing its methodological advantages and that moral constraints can be formalized so as to make their analysis more rigorous. They discuss various substantive and methodological choices involved in modeling deontological constraints. Zamir and Medina propose to determine the permissibility of any act or rule infringing a deontological constraint by means of mathematical threshold functions. Law, Economics, and Morality presents the general structure of threshold functions, analyzes their elements and addresses possible objections to this proposal. It then illustrates the implementation of constrained CBA in several legal fields, including contract law, freedom of speech, antidiscrimination law, the fight against terrorism, and legal paternalism.
Автор: Kramer, Matthew H. Название: Where Law and Morality Meet ISBN: 0199546134 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199546138 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 7126.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The question of how moral and legal reasoning interact has been a central focus in modern legal philosophy. Matthew Kramer here analyses the diverse ways in which moral principles enter legal systems, and presents a staunch defence of the `separability` thesis - that law is not inherently moral in its effects or motivational underpinnings.
Автор: Ayala, Francisco J. Название: Evolution, Mind and Method ISBN: 0128036931 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780128036938 Издательство: Elsevier Science Рейтинг: Цена: 5220.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Evolution, Explanation, Ethics and Aesthetics: Towards a Philosophy of Biology focuses on the dominant biological topic of evolution. It deals with the prevailing philosophical themes of how to explain the adaptation of organisms, the interplay of chance and necessity, and the recurrent topics of emergence, reductionism, and progress. In addition, the extensively treated topic of how to explain human nature as a result of natural processes and the encompassed issues of the foundations of morality and the brain-to-mind transformation is discussed.
The philosophy of biology is a rapidly expanding field, not more than half a century old at most, and to a large extent is replacing the interest in the philosophy of physics that prevailed in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. Few texts available have the benefit of being written by an eminent biologist who happens to be also a philosopher, as in this work.
This book is a useful resource for seminar courses and college courses on the philosophy of biology. Researchers, academics, and students in evolutionary biology, behavior, genetics, and biodiversity will also be interested in this work, as will those in human biology and issues such as ethics, religion, and the human mind, along with professional philosophers of science and those concerned with such issues as whether evolution is compatible with religion and/or where morality comes from.
Автор: Singer Peter Название: The Expanding Circle: Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress ISBN: 0691150699 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691150697 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 2374.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: What is ethics? Where do moral standards come from? Are they based on emotions, reason, or some innate sense of right and wrong? This title argues that altruism began as a genetically based drive to protect one`s kin and community members but has developed into a consciously chosen ethic with an expanding circle of moral concern.
Описание: The book presents a re-reading of H. G. Wells` novel "The Island of Doctor Moreau" as a key to addressing the controversies of our own humanity. It raises the issue: without human exceptionalism, where do ethics come from?
Автор: Ladislav Kov?? Название: Closing Human Evolution: Life in the Ultimate Age ISBN: 3319206591 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319206592 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 9141.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Prelude.- First movement. Life as a cosmic imperative.- Second movement. Evolutionary uniqueness of humans.- Third movement.- The ultimate optimism: Finitics.- Finale.
Автор: H.A. Shenkin Название: Medical Ethics: Evolution, Rights and the Physician ISBN: 9401054746 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401054744 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The subject of medical ethics is always current and offers an inviting theme, particularly for anyone who has spent his life in medical practice. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the latter will look into Part One for the justification of the conclusions the author could reach on the material presented in Part Two.
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