State versus Gentry in Late Ming Dynasty China, 1572–1644, H. Miller

Автор: Miller Harry
Название: State Versus Gentry in Early Qing Dynasty China, 1644-1699
ISBN: 1137334053 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137334053
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: Continuing the argument developed in the author`s previous book, this exhaustively researched study describes the humiliation of the Chinese gentry at the hands of the statist Oboi regents in the 1660s and the Kangxi emperor`s self-declared Confucian sagehood in the 1670s, which effectively trumped the gentry`s claim to sovereignty.

Автор: Fang Jun
Название: China`s Second Capital Nanjing Under the Ming, 1368-1644
ISBN: 041585525X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415855259
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Описание: This book is a study of the dual capital system of Ming dynasty China (1368-1644), with a focus on the administrative functions of the auxiliary Southern Capital, Nanjing. It argues that the immense geographical expanse of the Chinese empire and the poor communication infrastructure of pre-modern times necessitated the establishment of an additional capital administration for effective control of the Ming realm. The existence of the Southern Capital, which has been dismissed by scholars as redundant and insignificant, was, the author argues, justified by its ability to assist the primary Northern Capital better control the southern part of the imperial land. The practice of maintaining auxiliary capitals, where the bureaucratic structures of the primary capital were replicated in varying degrees, was a unique and valuable approach to effecting bureaucratic control over vast territory in pre-modern conditions. Nanjing translates into English as "Southern Capital" and Beijing as "Northern Capital".