Contingency and Freedom, Anthonie Vos Jaczn.; Henri Veldhuis; Aline H. Loom

Автор: Anthonie Vos Jaczn.; Henri Veldhuis; Aline H. Loom
Название: Contingency and Freedom
ISBN: 0792327071 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792327073
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: During the seventies, there was a revival of systematic philosophy in general and of ontology in particular. In this way, we hope to present the difficult but instruc- tive work of the `subtle master` (`doctor subtilis`) in such a way as to make it attractive to other scholars and students in theology and philoso- phy.

Автор: Pietro Daniel Omodeo; Rodolfo Garau
Название: Contingency and Natural Order in Early Modern Science
ISBN: 3319673769 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319673769
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: This volume considers contingency as a historical category resulting from the combination of various intellectual elements – epistemological, philosophical, material, as well as theological and, broadly speaking, intellectual. With contributions ranging from fields as diverse as the histories of physics, astronomy, astrology, medicine, mechanics, physiology, and natural philosophy, it explores the transformation of the notion of contingency across the late-medieval, Renaissance, and the early modern period. Underpinned by a necessitated vision of nature, seventeenth century mechanism widely identified apparent natural irregularities with the epistemological limits of a certain explanatory framework. However, this picture was preceded by, and in fact emerged from, a widespread characterization of contingency as an ontological trait of nature, typical of late-Scholastic and Renaissance science. On these bases, this volume shows how epistemological categories, which are preconditions of knowledge as “historically-situated a priori” and, seemingly, self-evident, are ultimately rooted in time.Contingency is intrinsic to scientific practice. Whether observing the behaviour of a photon, diagnosing a patient, or calculating the orbit of a distant planet, scientists face the unavoidable challenge of dealing with data that differ from their models and expectations. However, epistemological categories are not fixed in time. Indeed, there is something fundamentally different in the way an Aristotelian natural philosopher defined a wonder or a “monstrous” birth as “contingent”, a modern scientist defines the unexpected result of an experiment, and a quantum physicist the behavior of a photon. Although to each inquirer these instances appeared self-evidently contingent, each also employs the concept differently.