An analysis of two heuristic strategies for the development of mechanistic models, illustrated with historical examples from the life sciences.
In Discovering Complexity, William Bechtel and Robert Richardson examine two heuristics that guided the development of mechanistic models in the life sciences: decomposition and localization. Drawing on historical cases from disciplines including cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, and genetics, they identify a number of "choice points" that life scientists confront in developing mechanistic explanations and show how different choices result in divergent explanatory models. Describing decomposition as the attempt to differentiate functional and structural components of a system and localization as the assignment of responsibility for specific functions to specific structures, Bechtel and Richardson examine the usefulness of these heuristics as well as their fallibility -- the sometimes false assumption underlying them that nature is significantly decomposable and hierarchically organized.
When Discovering Complexity was originally published in 1993, few philosophers of science perceived the centrality of seeking mechanisms to explain phenomena in biology, relying instead on the model of nomological explanation advanced by the logical positivists (a model Bechtel and Richardson found to be utterly inapplicable to the examples from the life sciences in their study). Since then, mechanism and mechanistic explanation have become widely discussed. In a substantive new introduction to this MIT Press edition of their book, Bechtel and Richardson examine both philosophical and scientific developments in research on mechanistic models since 1993.
Автор: Sigmund Simonsen Название: Acceptable Risk in Biomedical Research ISBN: 940079553X ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400795532 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 21661.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume is the first major work to address acceptable risk -- a question at the core of biomedical research. It represents a major contribution towards clarifying the most central, but also the most controversial and complex issue in biomedical research law and bioethics.
Автор: Willig Michael R., Walker Lawrence R. Название: Long-Term Ecological Research: Changing the Nature of Scientists ISBN: 019938021X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199380213 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 13939.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program is, in a sense, an experiment to transform the nature of science, and represents one of the most effective mechanisms for catalyzing comprehensive site-based research that is collaborative, multidisciplinary, and long-term in nature. The scientific contributions of the Program are prodigious, but the broader impacts of participation have not been examined in a formal way. This book captures the consequences of participation in the Program on the perspectives, attitudes, and practices of environmental scientists. The edited volume comprises three sections. The first section includes two chapters that provide an overview of the history, goals, mission, and inner workings of the LTER network of sites. The second section comprises three dozen retrospective essays by scientists, data managers or educators who represent a broad spectrum of LTER sites from deserts to tropical forests and from arctic to marine ecosystems. Each essay addresses the same series of probing questions to uncover the extent to which participation has affected the ways that scientists conduct research, educate students, or provide outreach to the public. The final section encompasses 5 chapters, whose authors are biophysical scientists, historians, behavioral scientists, or social scientists. This section analyzes, integrates, or synthesizes the content of the previous chapters from multiple perspectives and uncovers emergent themes and future directions.
Автор: Clymo Название: Reporting Research ISBN: 1107640466 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107640467 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 3960.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Want to learn how to present your research successfully? This concise guide offers step-by-step advice to help you write scientific articles, prepare posters and talks, and develop a critical attitude towards your own work as well as that of your colleagues. A must-read for graduates and postdoctoral scholars in biology.
Описание: Presents 20 years of work at the North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Research Site. This site-synthesis volume provides the information base for the ecology of temperate lakes, and a general assessment of the role of lakes within their landscapes. It is of interest to American limonologists and general ecologists.
Описание: This survey of one the longest insect conservation campaigns in Australia deals with one of the most iconic endemic papilionid butterflies, the Richmond birdwing. It shows different factors that can influence community interest and practical outcomes.
Автор: P. de Deckker; W.D. Williams Название: Limnology in Australia ISBN: 9401086362 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401086363 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16979.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Allen Keast Название: Biogeography and Ecology in Australia ISBN: 9401758379 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401758376 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12157.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Mediterranean-type ecosystems have provided ecologists with some of the most scientifically-rewarding opportunities to formulate and evaluate hypotheses about large and small-scale ecological phenomena.
Автор: Eric Wolanski Название: Estuaries of Australia in 2050 and beyond ISBN: 9401781265 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401781268 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 15372.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The book addresses the questions: Is Australia’s rapidly growing human population and economy environmentally sustainable for its estuaries and coasts? What is needed to enable sustainable development? To answer these questions, this book reports detailed studies of 20 iconic Australian estuaries and bays by leading Australian estuarine scientists. That knowledge is synthesised in time and space across Australia to suggest what Australian estuaries will look like in 2050 and beyond based on socio-economic decisions that are made now, and changes that are needed to ensure sustainability. The book also has a Prologue by Mr Malcolm Fraser, former Prime Minister of Australia, which bridges environmental science, population policy and sustainability.
Автор: Donald P.A. Sands; Tim R. New Название: Conservation of the Richmond Birdwing Butterfly in Australia ISBN: 9402406344 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789402406344 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16070.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This survey of one the longest insect conservation campaigns in Australia deals with recovery of one of the most iconic endemic butterflies, the Richmond birdwing, threatened by clearance and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest in eastern Australia and the spread of an alien larval food-plant. Its conservation has involved many aspects of community involvement, developed over more than 20 years, and focused on habitat restoration and weed eradication, in conjunction with conservation of remaining forest fragments. The work has involved the entire historical range of the butterfly, addressed threats and emphasised landscape connectivity, and has enhanced recovery through extensive plantings of native food plants. Interest has been maintained through extensive publicity, community education and media activity, and the programme has provided many lessons for advancing insect conservation practice in the region.
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