Описание: This monograph analyzes Nicholas Rescher`s system of pragmatic idealism. and III) From Reality to Values: Ontological Features, Axiological Elements, and Ethical Aspects of Scientific Prediction. This insightful analysis offers a critical reconstruction of Rescher`s philosophy.
Автор: Stephen Napier Название: Persons, Moral Worth, and Embryos ISBN: 9400736592 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400736597 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20962.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: "Bioethicists have achieved consensus on two ideas pertaining to beginning of life issues: (1) persons are those beings capable of higher-order cognition, or self-consciousness, and (2) it is impermissible to kill only persons.
Описание: The general scope of the book is the patentability and morality of human embryonic stem cell research in US, EU and China. The book observes fraudsters operate unsafe human embryonic stem cell therapies and officialdom turns a blind eye to the immoral human embryonic stem cell research in China.
Описание: Individuals are things that everybody knows--or thinks they do. Yet even scholars who practice or analyze the biological sciences often cannot agree on what an individual is and why. One reason for this disagreement is that the many important biological individuality concepts serve very different purposes--defining, classifying, or explaining living structure, function, interaction, persistence, or evolution. Indeed, as the contributors to Biological Individuality reveal, nature is too messy for simple definitions of this concept, organisms too quirky in the diverse ways they reproduce, function, and interact, and human ideas about individuality too fraught with philosophical and historical meaning.
Bringing together biologists, historians, and philosophers, this book provides a multifaceted exploration of biological individuality that identifies leading and less familiar perceptions of individuality both past and present, what they are good for, and in what contexts. Biological practice and theory recognize individuals at myriad levels of organization, from genes to organisms to symbiotic systems. We depend on these notions of individuality to address theoretical questions about multilevel natural selection and Darwinian fitness; to illuminate empirical questions about development, function, and ecology; to ground philosophical questions about the nature of organisms and causation; and to probe historical and cultural circumstances that resonate with parallel questions about the nature of society. Charting an interdisciplinary research agenda that broadens the frameworks in which biological individuality is discussed, this book makes clear that in the realm of the individual, there is not and should not be a direct path from biological paradigms based on model organisms through to philosophical generalization and historical reification.
Описание: This book presents a comprehensive discussion on the characterization of vagueness in pictures. It reports on how the problem of representation of images has been approached in scientific practice, highlighting the role of mathematical methods and the philosophical background relevant for issues such as representation, categorization and reasoning. Without delving too much into the technical details, the book examines and defends different kinds of values of fuzziness based on a complex approach to categorization as a practice, adopting conceptual and empirical suggestions from different fields including the arts. It subsequently advances criticisms and provides suggestions for interpretation and application. By describing a cognitive framework based on fuzzy, rough and near sets, and discussing all of the relevant mathematical and philosophical theories for the representation and processing of vagueness in images, the book offers a practice-oriented guide to fuzzy visual reasoning, along with novel insights into the field of interpreting and thinking with fuzzy pictures and fuzzy data.
Автор: Rathore Aakash Singh, Cistelecan Alex Название: Wronging Rights?: Philosophical Challenges for Human Rights ISBN: 1138662879 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138662872 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7654.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book brings together two of the most powerful and relevant philosophical critiques of human rights: the post-colonialist and the post-Althusserian. Its balanced internal structure does not just throw these two critiques together, but actually forces them to enter into confrontation and dialogue.
Описание: A dramatic new way to explore controversial science: Socratic dialogues. These creative debates follow the nuances and complexities of stem cell research and emerging therapies for informed readers and newcomers alike.
Описание: A dramatic new way to explore controversial science: Socratic dialogues. These creative debates follow the nuances and complexities of stem cell research and emerging therapies for informed readers and newcomers alike.
Автор: Michael Coughlan Название: The Vatican, the Law and the Human Embryo ISBN: 0333529626 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780333529621 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6567.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: An exploration of the basis on which the Vatican presumes to proclaim universally binding prescriptions, paying particular attention to those concerning the value of human life. Against this background, the book assesses the demand that an embryo should be treated as a person.
Описание: 1. Introduction: visual uncertainty, categorization, objectivity and practices andvalues of imprecision.- 2. From ordinary to mathematical categorization in the visual world... of words, pictures and practices.- 3. Vagueness and fuzziness in words and predication.- 4. Representations: from words to images.- 5. Epistemology, aesthetics and pragmatics of scientific and other images: visualization, representation and reasoning.- 6. Visual representation: from perceptions to pictures.- 7. Vague pictures: epistemology, aesthetics and pragmatics of fuzziness, from fuzzy perception to fuzzy pictures.- 8. Blur as vagueness: seeing images vaguely and seeing vague images; perception and representation.- 9. Vague pictures as pictures.- 10. Vague pictures as vague representations and representing.- 11. The cognitive values of imprecision: towards a scientific epistemology, aesthetics and pragmatics of fuzziness, contextual lessons from the history of picture-making practices.- 12. Introduction: fuzzy-set representation and processing of fuzzy images; nonlinguistic vagueness as scientific practice; scientific epistemology, aesthetics, methodology and technology of fuzziness.- 13. Application of mathematics in the representation of images: from geometry to set theory.- 14. Cognitive framework of set-theoretic methodology of analysis and synthesis: categorization, classification and many faces of digital geometry.- 15. Conceptual resources and philosophical grounds in set-theoretic models of vagueness: fuzzy, rough and near sets.- 16. Analytic and synthetic forms of vague categorization.- 17. From intrinsic to extrinsic vague categorization and content.- 18. Pictorial representation and simplicity of categorization.- 19. Fuzzy visual thinking: interpreting and thinking with fuzzy pictures and fuzzydata.- 20. Pictorial approximation: pictorial accuracy, vagueness and fuzziness.- 21. Pictorial vagueness as scientific practice: picture-making and the mathematical practice of fuzzy categorization.- 22. Conclusion.
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