The Works of William Cowper: His Life, Letters and Poems, Cowper William
Автор: Cowper, Marcus Название: Cathar Castles ISBN: 1846030668 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781846030666 Издательство: Osprey Рейтинг: Цена: 2226.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
In the early 12th century AD a large area of present-day France was not under the direct control of the French king. In fact, the French king's direct authority stretched little further than Paris and the area immediately around it, the Ile de France. Many of the other regions were semi-independent duchies and counties, controlled by, amongst others, the King of England and the Holy Roman Emperor. One such area free from direct French control was the Languedoc, the area stretching from the Massif Central south to the Pyrenees, and as far as the river Rhone to the east. This area was under the loose overlordship of the counts of Toulouse, and by the beginning of the 12th century the whole region had become the centre of an early form of Protestantism called Catharism that flourished to an extraordinary degree and threatened the rule of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Innocent III, alarmed at this heresy and the unwillingness of the southern nobility to do much to uproot it, launched a crusade in 1209 against European Christians. The crusading army, represented the established Church consisting predominatly of northern French knights. They saw this as an opportunity both to 'take the cross' and to obtain new lands and wealth for themselves more conveniently than crusading to the Holy land. This, the Albigensian Crusade, became a brutal struggle between the north and the south of France as much as between orthodox Roman Catholic and heretic Cathar.
The inhabitants of the Languedoc had always relied for their safety upon a series of strongly fortified walled cities, such as Albi, Carcassonne, B_ziers, Toulouse and a large number of fortified hill-top villages and castles which dotted the countryside. These so-called 'Cathar Castles' now became the last refuge against the invading crusaders and the conflict developed into a series of protracted and bloody sieges that lasted for over 30 years. The author describes these two very different types of fortification, the walled city and the hill-top castle. He explains why they were positioned where they were, how they were built, and the defensive principles behind their construction, and also reviews how well they withstood the test of the Albigensian Crusade. Related Titles The Crusades (Essential Histories) Medieval Siege Warfare (Elite) French Medieval Armies 1000-1300 (Men-at-Arms)
Автор: Cowper Coles Sherard Название: Ever the Diplomat ISBN: 0007436017 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780007436019 Издательство: HarperCollins UK Рейтинг: Цена: 1715.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In this entertaining and engaging memoir, former ambassador Sherard Cowper-Coles lifts the lid on embassy life throughout the world.
Автор: Marcus Cowper Название: The Words of War ISBN: 1845965965 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781845965969 Издательство: Random House - Penguin Рейтинг: Цена: 1187.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Using the Imperial War Museum`s vast archive of personal diaries, this title examines the stories of ordinary men and women who fought, and in some cases died, on the front line and home front during the Second World War. It features diverse first-hand accounts from individuals who took part in the key campaigns of the war.
Автор: Cowper David Scott Название: Northwest Passage Solo ISBN: 1574093525 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781574093520 Издательство: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Рейтинг: Цена: 2532.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: David Scott Cowper was the first man to circumnavigate the globe via the Northwest passage single-handed. He faced many dangers and delays including impenetrable pack-ice, leaks and the eventual sinking and salvage of his boat, but with his persevering spirit he was able to successfully complete his journey.
Описание: Irish Guardsmen have been involved in all aspects of the campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq - from in Kabul in 2001, through the invasion of Iraq in 2003 to the eventual withdrawal in 2009, and the campaign in Helmand from 2006 to 2014. This book features battalion`s experiences through some of the most testing times the British Army has faced.
ООО "Логосфера " Тел:+7(495) 980-12-10 www.logobook.ru
