The Life and Letters of William Cowper, Esq. with Remarks on Epistolary Writers ... Vol. I, a New Edition. - Scholar`s Choice Edition, Hayley William, Cowper William
Автор: Cowper, Marcus Название: Cathar Castles ISBN: 1846030668 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781846030666 Издательство: Osprey Рейтинг: Цена: 2226.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
In the early 12th century AD a large area of present-day France was not under the direct control of the French king. In fact, the French king's direct authority stretched little further than Paris and the area immediately around it, the Ile de France. Many of the other regions were semi-independent duchies and counties, controlled by, amongst others, the King of England and the Holy Roman Emperor. One such area free from direct French control was the Languedoc, the area stretching from the Massif Central south to the Pyrenees, and as far as the river Rhone to the east. This area was under the loose overlordship of the counts of Toulouse, and by the beginning of the 12th century the whole region had become the centre of an early form of Protestantism called Catharism that flourished to an extraordinary degree and threatened the rule of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Innocent III, alarmed at this heresy and the unwillingness of the southern nobility to do much to uproot it, launched a crusade in 1209 against European Christians. The crusading army, represented the established Church consisting predominatly of northern French knights. They saw this as an opportunity both to 'take the cross' and to obtain new lands and wealth for themselves more conveniently than crusading to the Holy land. This, the Albigensian Crusade, became a brutal struggle between the north and the south of France as much as between orthodox Roman Catholic and heretic Cathar.
The inhabitants of the Languedoc had always relied for their safety upon a series of strongly fortified walled cities, such as Albi, Carcassonne, B_ziers, Toulouse and a large number of fortified hill-top villages and castles which dotted the countryside. These so-called 'Cathar Castles' now became the last refuge against the invading crusaders and the conflict developed into a series of protracted and bloody sieges that lasted for over 30 years. The author describes these two very different types of fortification, the walled city and the hill-top castle. He explains why they were positioned where they were, how they were built, and the defensive principles behind their construction, and also reviews how well they withstood the test of the Albigensian Crusade. Related Titles The Crusades (Essential Histories) Medieval Siege Warfare (Elite) French Medieval Armies 1000-1300 (Men-at-Arms)
Автор: Hayley Scott Название: The Twitches Bake a Cake ISBN: 1474928137 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781474928137 Издательство: Usborne Рейтинг: Цена: 791.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Stevie`s mum is having a party, so she`s baked a delicious cake for all the guests. Stevie`s tiny toy rabbits, Silver and Fig Twitch, would love a taste of its yummy purple icing. How will they get their paws on some? It`s time for an adventure outside the Teacup House!
Описание: Irish Guardsmen have been involved in all aspects of the campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq - from in Kabul in 2001, through the invasion of Iraq in 2003 to the eventual withdrawal in 2009, and the campaign in Helmand from 2006 to 2014. This book features battalion`s experiences through some of the most testing times the British Army has faced.
Автор: Conant William Cowper Название: Salvation, Volume 5... ISBN: 1288080778 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781288080779 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 4793.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Prime William Cowper Название: The Old House by the River. ISBN: 127573572X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781275735729 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 3966.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Powys John Cowper Название: Essays on Emily Bronte and Henry James ISBN: 1258992264 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781258992262 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 4037.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Davis Hayley G. Название: Words - An Integrational Approach ISBN: 1138868345 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138868342 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 8114.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Adopting a new approach to the subject, this book readdresses the study of language by considering the perspective on linguistic matters taken by lay speakers.
Автор: Long Hayley Название: Being a Girl ISBN: 1471403904 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781471403903 Издательство: Bonnier Books Рейтинг: Цена: 1187.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A funny, frank and fearless guide to being a girlBeing a girl is not all sugar and spice. With witty black-and-white illustrations by Gemma Correll throughout, BEING A GIRL tells you everything you need to know about surviving puberty, in an honest and humorous way.
Автор: Murray Hunt, Hayley Hooper, Paul Yowell Название: Parliaments and Human Rights: Redressing the Democratic Deficit ISBN: 1849465614 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781849465618 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 15840.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book is the first volume to unite theoretical and practical insights into the protection of human rights by legislatures from a number of domestic jurisdictions, international organisations, and leading scholars.
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