Описание: This report provides a status update on the human resources for health (HRH) sub-system in six Latin American and Caribbean countries: Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. The report structures its discussion around how the health workforce is financed, organized, managed, regulated, and performing.
Автор: Christy A. Brigham; Mark W. Schwartz Название: Population Viability in Plants ISBN: 3642078699 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642078699 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 44582.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Over the past three decades, many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have recognized health as a human right. Since the early 2000s, 46 million more people in the countries studied are covered by health programs with explicit entitlements to care. Reforms have been accompanied by a rise in public spending for health, financed largely by general revenues that prioritize or explicitly target the population without capacity to pay. Political commitment has generally translated into larger budgets as well as passage of legislation that ring-fenced funding for health. Most countries have prioritized cost-effective primary care and have adopted purchasing methods that incentivize efficiency and accountability for results and that give stewards of the health sector greater leverage to steer providers to deliver on public health priorities. Despite progress, disparities remain in financing and quality of services provision across health subsystems. Delivering on the commitment to universal health coverage will require concerted efforts to improve revenue generation in a fiscally sustainable manner and to increase the productivity of expenditures. In Toward Universal Health Coverage and Equity in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from Select Countries, the authors show that evidence from an analysis of 54 household surveys corroborates that investments in extending coverage are yielding results. Although the poor still have worse health outcomes than do the rich, disparities have narrowed considerably -- particularly in the early stages of life. Countries have reached high levels of coverage and equity in utilization of maternal and child health services. The picture is more nuanced, and not nearly as positive, regarding adult health status and prevalence of chronic conditions and illnesses. Coverage of noncommunicable disease interventions is not as high, and service utilization is still skewed toward those who are better off. Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases has not behaved as expected given the drop in mortality; better access to diagnosis among wealthier individuals may be masking changes in actual prevalence. Catastrophic health expenditures have declined in most countries. The picture regarding equity, however, is mixed, pointing to limitations in the measure. Although the rate of impoverishment owing to health expenditures is low and generally declining, 2 4 million people in the countries studied still fall below the poverty line after health spending. Efforts to systematically monitor quality of care in the region are still in their infancy. Nonetheless, a review of the literature reveals important shortcomings in quality of care, as well as substantial differences across subsystems. Improving quality of care and ensuring sustainability of investments in health remain an unfinished agenda."
Автор: C. M. Posner, Christopher Martin, Ana Patricia Elv Название: Education in Mexico, Central America and the Latin Caribbean ISBN: 1474267688 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781474267687 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 20592.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Education in Mexico, Central America and the Latin Caribbean examines the development and practice of education in Mexico, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. The chapters, written by local experts, provide an overview of the structure, aims and purposes of education in each of these ten countries with very different socio-economic backgrounds. The authors present curriculum standards, pedagogy, evaluation, accountability and delivery, discussing both how the formal systems are structured and how they actually function. The volume explores the origins of proposed reforms and their implementation, emphasising the distinctiveness of each country and attempting to locate new practices that could lead to better education. Including a comparative introduction to the issues facing education in the region as a whole and guides to available online datasets, this book is an essential reference for researchers, scholars, international agencies and policy-makers.
Описание: This book examines recent developments in Latin American biofuel production. Taking "sustainable development" as a central theme, each chapter considers one country in the region and explores how biofuel production is evolving given concerns about food sovereignty, trade and other social issues.
Автор: Aldemaro Romero; Sarah E. West Название: Environmental Issues in Latin America and the Caribbean ISBN: 9048169607 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048169603 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 21661.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book is a collection of readings that explore environmental issues in Latin America and the Caribbean using natural science and social science methods. These papers demonstrate the value of interdisciplinary approaches to analyze and solve environmental problems. public participation and environmental justice;
Автор: Vakis Renos, Rigolini Jamele, Lucchetti Leonardo Название: Left Behind: Chronic Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean ISBN: 1464806608 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464806605 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 3756.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: One out of every five Latin Americans or around 130 million people have never known anything but poverty, subsisting on less than US$4-a-day throughout their lives. These are the regions chronically poor, who have remained so despite unprecedented inroads against poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean since the turn of the century. Left Behind: Chronic Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean takes a closer look at the region's entrenched poor, who and where they are, and how existing policies need to change in order to effectively assist them. The book shows significant variations of rates of chronic poverty both across and within countries. Within a single country, some regions show incidence rates up to eight times higher than the lowest. Despite the higher rates of chronic poverty in rural areas, chronic poverty is as much an urban as a rural issue. In fact, considering absolute numbers, urban areas in many countries, including Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and the Dominican Republic, have more chronic poor than rural areas. Undoubtedly the region has come a long way during the decade in terms of poverty reduction, guided by a mix of sustained growth and increased levels in amounts and quality of public spending and programs targeted directly or indirectly to the chronic poor. While improving endowments and the context where the chronic poor live is a necessary condition going forward, the decade's experience suggests that it may not be enough to reach the chronic poor. The book posits that refinements to the existing policy toolkit - as opposed to more programs - may come a long way in helping the remaining poor. These refinements include intensifying efforts to improve coordination between different social and economic programs, which can boost the income generation process and deal with the intergenerational transmission of chronic poverty by investing in early childhood development. Equally important though, there is an urgent need to adapt programs to directly address the psychological toll of chronic poverty on people's mindset and aspirations, which currently undermines the effectiveness of the existing policy efforts.
Описание: Highlights the interaction between social protection programs and labour markets in Latin America. It presents new evidence on the limited coverage of existing programs and emphasizes the challenges caused by high informality for achieving universal social protection for old age income, for health, for unemployment risks and for anti poverty safety nets.
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