Описание: Following a protracted research and development phase, Mikoyan Gurevich’s MiG-23 finally entered service with the former Soviet Air Force in the early 1970s. Almost immediately, a number of foreign customers pressed Moscow for deliveries of this long-overdue type, expected to succeed the popular MiG-21 as a standard interceptor. Correspondingly, large numbers of MiG-23 interceptors and fighter-bombers were exported to five major Arab air forces in the mid-1970s. This is a detailed history of the operational service of this Soviet-manufactured interceptor and its fighter-bomber variants in service with Algerian, Egyptian, Iraqi, Libyan, and Syrian air forces, since 1974. While Egypt purchased only a handful before its final break with Moscow, and Algeria limited related acquisitions, Iraq, Libya and Syria continued purchasing advanced variants in significant numbers through the 1980s. The units operating MiG-23s were soon transformed into the backbone of the military services in question, and they saw combat service in a number of intensive military conflicts. In the 1980s, they fought against Israeli jets over Lebanon, against the Iranians in the Iran-Iraq War, and confronted US Navy’s F-14s on numerous occasions off Libya. In 1991 Iraqi MiG-23s were deployed in combat against the US-led coalition’s F-15s. Indeed, in Syria, different versions of MiG-23 continue flying combat operations today. Illustrated with over 110 photographs – many of these never published before –colour profiles and a dozen maps, this volume provides a unique point of reference, revealing much detail about camouflage patterns, unit insignia and aircraft markings.
Автор: Galpern Название: Money, Oil, and Empire in the Middle East ISBN: 1107657180 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107657182 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6653.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Examining events such as the Iranian oil nationalization crisis and the Suez crisis, this book is an important history of the unravelling of the British Empire in the Middle East and its connections to the decline of sterling as a leading international currency and British oil policy in the region.
Описание: Philosophy of Nonviolence maps out a system articulating nonviolence in the revolution, the rule of constitutional law it yearns for, and the demand for accountability that inspired the revolution in the first place.
Описание: This study assesses the potential for job creation through infrastructure investment in the Middle East and North Africa. The region has experience in making the most of infrastructure investments, but maintaining and spreading the momentum in infrastructure will be important to support future growth and job creation. To do so, policymakers will have to recognize that there are large differences in initial conditions across the region in terms of starting stock, needs, fiscal commitments, private sector participation and job creation potential. Overall, the region’s infrastructure needs through 2020 are quite large and estimated at about 106 billion dollars per year or 6.9 percent of the annual regional GDP. The differences in infrastructure and maintenance needs across sub-regions are also impressive, with developing oil exporters expected to require almost 11 percent of their GDP annually, while the oil importing countries and the GCC oil exporters expected to need approximately 6 and 5 percent of their GDP, respectively. Investment and rehabilitation needs are likely to be especially high in the electricity and transport sectors, particularly roads. Rehabilitation needs are expected to account for slightly more than half of total infrastructure needs. While oil exporters will be able to meet their national infrastructure needs if they maintain investment spending at rates prevailing in the 2000s, oil importers will fall short. The infrastructure sector has the potential to contribute to employment creation in MENA. The region could generate 2.0 million direct jobs and 2.5 million direct, indirect and induced infrastructure-related jobs just by meeting estimated, annual investment needs. However, the potential varies greatly across countries, and infrastructure alone will not resolve MENA’s unemployment problem. Going forward, decisions on what types of public spending to expand and what to downsize in order to achieve balanced budgets will have important implications for jobs. In designing country specific solutions, governments will have to tackle predictable challenges: the governance of job creation, the proper targeting and fiscal costs assessment of subsidies needed to create jobs, the design and fiscal costs of the (re)training programs needed and the expectations on the job creation effects of infrastructure.
Описание: Provides an analysis of British and American propaganda, targeting the Middle East, during the years of international tension and regional instability, immediately following the end of the WWII. This book considers British and American propaganda within the framework of the Cold War crusade against Communism and the Soviet Union.
Автор: Kurtzer Daniel C., Lasensky Scott B., Quandt Willi Название: The Peace Puzzle: America`s Quest for Arab-Israeli Peace, 1989-2011 ISBN: 0801451477 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780801451478 Издательство: Wiley EDC Рейтинг: Цена: 18533.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Each phase of Arab-Israeli peacemaking has been inordinately difficult in its own right, and every critical juncture and decision point in the long process has been shaped by U.S. politics and the U.S. leaders of the moment. The Peace Puzzle tracks the American determination to articulate policy, develop strategy and tactics, and see through negotiations to agreements on an issue that has been of singular importance to U.S. interests for more than forty years.
In 2006, the authors of The Peace Puzzle formed the Study Group on Arab-Israeli Peacemaking, a project supported by the United States Institute of Peace, to develop a set of "best practices" for American diplomacy. The Study Group conducted in-depth interviews with more than 120 policymakers, diplomats, academics, and civil society figures and developed performance assessments of the various U.S. administrations of the post–Cold War period. This book, an objective account of the role of the United States in attempting to achieve a lasting Arab–Israeli peace, is informed by the authors’ access to key individuals and official archives.
Автор: Rezk, Dina Название: Arab world and western intelligence ISBN: 0748698914 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780748698912 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 15840.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Dina Rezk analyses 8 case studies, culminating in the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar el Sadat on live television, Drawing on declassified documents, interviews and multi-archival research, she explores how the most powerful intelligence agencies in the world have been so notoriously caught off guard in post-WWII Middle East.
Автор: Rezk Dina Название: Arab world and western intelligence ISBN: 1474444407 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781474444408 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 4750.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Have Western intelligence experts fundamentally failed to understand the dynamics, leaders and culture of the Middle East? Using the most recently declassified documents, interviews and Arabic sources, the book examines seminal case studies to explore how theintelligence agencies in the world have been so notoriously caught off-guard.
Описание: By combining the analysis of the key themes, actors, and issues with the history of the region, and insights from a leading team of international experts, International Relations of the Middle East provides the definitive guide to the subject.
Описание: Tarek Cherkaoui reveals how geo-political and ideological legacies of the past, which divide the world into a dichotomy of `us` against `them`, play a dominant role in reinforcing the ensuing polarisation of our media.
