Описание: Many companies that have become household names have avoided billions in taxes by 'parking' their valuable intellectual property (IP) assets in holding companies located in tax-favored jurisdictions. In the United States, for example, many domestic companies have moved their IP to tax-favored states such as Delaware or Nevada, while multinational companies have done the same by setting up foreign subsidiaries in Ireland, Singapore, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. In this illuminating work, tax scholar Jeffrey A. Maine teams up with IP expert Xuan-Thao Nguyen to explain how the use of these IP holding companies has become economically unjustified and socially unacceptable, and how numerous calls for change have been made. This book should be read by anyone interested in how corporations - including Gore-Tex, Victoria's Secret, Sherwin-Williams, Toys-R-Us, Apple, Microsoft, and Uber - have avoided tax liability with IP holding companies and how different constituencies are working to stop them.
Описание: Part I: Introduction.- Transformations in international law on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing and domestic implementation: Introduction, synthesis and conclusions.- PART II: Post Nagoya Protocol Measures On Access And Benefit-Sharing And Domestic Implementation: Implementation In South America.- Access and benefit-sharing regime in Argentina: Experiences and perspectives.- Brazilian biodiversity law - challenges and opportunities for industries and research institutions.- Towards mutual supportiveness between the Nagoya Protocol and the Andean Sub-regional ABS Regime: The cases of Ecuador and Peru.- New ABS legislation and practice in compliance with the Nagoya Protocol: Current situation and perspectives in Costa Rica.- Part III: Post Nagoya Protocol Measures On Access And Benefitsharing And Domestic Implementation: Implementation In Africa.- The South African ABS regime: New wine in old wine skins?.- The post Nagoya Protocol ABS Regime in Cameroon: Exploring the extent to which ongoing policy, regulatory developments and ABS practices uphold the obligations of the Protocol.- The Ethiopian access and benefit-sharing regime: Stringent with a purpose.- Abracadabra! It is time for Kenyan ABS law to be born.- Part IV: Post Nagoya Protocol Measures On Access And Benefitsharing And Domestic Implementation: Implementation In Asia.- Access and benefit sharing law and policy in South Korea .- Malaysia - From no ABS law to a comprehensive legislation.- The new Vietnamese law on ABS: Overview and innovations in legislation and practice.- Part V: Post Nagoya Protocol Measures On Access And Benefitsharing And Domestic Implementation: Implementation In Australia.- ABS in Australia: From innovation to hesitation.- Part VI: Post Nagoya Protocol Measures On Access And Benefitsharing And Domestic Implementation: Implementation In Europe.- ABS Regulation in the European Union.- Access and benefit-sharing regime in Spain: Striking the balance between its roles as a provider and a user of genetic resources.- The post Nagoya Protocol ABS regime in France: Exploring the extent to which it upholds the obligations of the Protocol.- Part VII: Implementation Experiences And Unresolved Issues: General Themes.- Due Diligence and the Regulation of Transnational Economic Activity - Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 compared to other EU due diligence scheme.- Implementation of Due Diligence obligations in Germany.- Rights over genetic resources and ways of monitoring the value chain: A case study from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.- Post Nagoya Protocol experiences of basic research in Ecuador.- Digital Sequence Information on genetic resources and the Convention on Biological Diversity.- ABS contractual obligations in the context of agricultural breeding and possible cut-off points.- Contract solutions for difficult ABS questions - example from information technology.- ABS in practice - real life cases.
Описание: Enough laws have been enacted since the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing to permit a study which is capable of accurately portraying the status quo of national implementation of the Protocol and the ensuing practice, emerging challenges and how countries are coping with them. This book, one of the first to present such a study, uniquely combines an examination of the new laws and practice and how they comply with the Nagoya Protocol; of issues not yet resolved by the Protocol and which solutions are being explored; and of how research and development is responding to the new situation. In addition, it proposes solutions to selected questions on ABS based on real-world and hypothetical cases, which could instigate litigation. Written by a team of expert academics and practitioners in the field, this book makes a valuable contribution to academic and policy debates and to academic literature on international environmental law, international biodiversity law, international property law, climate law and the law of indigenous populations. It also offers a reference guide for practicing lawyers in the area of ABS.
Автор: Julian Roberts Название: Marine Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation ISBN: 3642072364 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642072369 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 27944.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Despite the potential benefits that the IMO`s Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) designation can deliver, recent practice within the IMO and by individual member states has considerably undermined confidence in this emerging concept. The focus of this book is on the events within the IMO that have led to this lack of confidence arising.
Описание: The treatment of both whales and elephants will be politically and legally contentious for years to come, and is of great significance to conservation in general. This book examines the current state of international environmental law and wildlife conservation through a comparative analysis of the treatment of whales and elephants.
Название: Handbook of climate change and biodiversity ISBN: 3319986805 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319986807 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 22359.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book comprehensively describes essential research and projects on climate change and biodiversity. Moreover, it includes contributions on how to promote the climate agenda and biodiversity conservation at the local level. Climate change as a whole and global warming in particular are known to have a negative impact on biodiversity in three main ways. Firstly, increases in temperatures are detrimental to a number of organisms, especially those in sensitive habitats such as coral reefs and rainforests. Secondly, the pressures posed by a changing climate may lead to sets of responses in areas as varied as phenology, range and physiology of living organisms, often leading to changes in their lifecycles (especially but not only in reproduction), losses in productivity or even death. In some cases, the very survival of very sensitive species may be endangered. Thirdly, the impacts of climate change on biodiversity will be felt in the short term with regard to some species and ecosystems, but also in the medium and long term in many biomes. Indeed, if left unchecked, some of these impacts may be irreversible. Many individual governments, financial institutes and international donors are currently spending billions of dollars on projects addressing climate change and biodiversity, but with little coordination. Quite often, the emphasis is on adaptation efforts, with little emphasis on the connections between physio-ecological changes and the lifecycles and metabolisms of fauna and flora, or the influence of poor governance on biodiversity. As such, there is a recognized need to not only better understand the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, but to also identify, test and implement measures aimed at managing the many risks that climate change poses to fauna, flora and micro-organisms. In particular, the question of how to restore and protect ecosystems from the impact of climate change also has to be urgently addressed. This book was written to address this need. The respective papers explore matters related to the use of an ecosystem-based approach to increase local adaptation capacity, consider the significance of a protected areas network in preserving biodiversity in a changing northern European climate, and assess the impacts of climate change on specific species, including wild terrestrial animals. The book also presents a variety of case studies such as the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative, the effects of climate change on the biodiversity of Aleppo pine forest in Senalba (Algeria), climate change and biodiversity response in the Niger Delta region, and the effects of forest fires on the biodiversity and the soil characteristics of tropical peatlands in Indonesia. This is a truly interdisciplinary publication, and will benefit all scholars, social movements, practitioners and members of governmental agencies engaged in research and/or executing projects on climate change and biodiversity around the world.
Описание: In Incorporating Indigenous Rights in the International Regime on Biodiversity Protection , Federica Cittadino convincingly interprets the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its related instruments in light of indigenous rights and the principle of self-determination. Cittadino’s harmonisation of these formally separated regimes serves at least two main purposes. First, it ensures respect for the human rights framework that protects indigenous rights whilst implementing the biodiversity regime. Second, harmonisation allows for the full operationalisation of the indigenous related provisions of the CBD framework that concern traditional knowledge, genetic resources, and protected areas. Federica Cittadino successfully demonstrates that the CBD may allow for the protection of indigenous rights in ways that are more advanced than under current human rights law.
Автор: Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers, Marcel T. J. Kok Название: Transforming Biodiversity Governance ISBN: 110847974X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108479745 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 13939.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book outlines a governance approach that prioritizes ecocentric, compassionate and sustainable development, and stresses the importance of addressing the underlying causes of biodiversity loss. It is ideal for academics, policy makers and practitioners. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Автор: Partha Dasgupta, Peter Raven, Anna McIvor Название: Biological Extinction: New Perspectives ISBN: 1108482287 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108482288 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 14731.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A must read for anyone who wants to understand why species are becoming extinct, why biodiversity matters for our wellbeing, and how we can protect the natural world on which we all depend. Leading thinkers provide new perspectives on this urgent issue, offering significant insights and novel solutions.
The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, adopted on 15 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan, provides an international liability regime for biodiversity damage caused by living modified organisms (LMOs). Its adoption marks a significant development in the legal design for international environmental liability regimes, as it incorporates for the first time in global treaties an administrative approach to liability.
This book examines the Supplementary Protocol from both practitioner and academic perspectives. In its three parts the book explores the historical development, legal significances, and future implementation of the core provisions of the Supplementary Protocol, focusing specifically on its incorporation of an administrative approach to liability for biodiversity damage and its relation to civil liability. Contributors to the volume include Co-Chairs of the negotiating group and the negotiators and advisors from some of the key negotiating Parties, offering valuable insights into the difficult-to-read provisions of the Supplementary Protocol.
The book demonstrates the significant changes in the political configuration of environmental treaty negotiations which have come about in the twenty-first century, and argues that the liability approach of the Supplementary Protocol has important implications for future development of international liability regimes under international environmental law.
Автор: Partha Dasgupta, Peter Raven, Anna McIvor Название: Biological Extinction: New Perspectives ISBN: 1108711812 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108711814 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6019.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A must read for anyone who wants to understand why species are becoming extinct, why biodiversity matters for our wellbeing, and how we can protect the natural world on which we all depend. Leading thinkers provide new perspectives on this urgent issue, offering significant insights and novel solutions.
Автор: Lothian, Sarah Louise Название: Marine Conservation and International Law ISBN: 1032228903 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781032228907 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 22202.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book provides a blueprint for an International Legally Binding Instrument (ILBI) for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). The development of an ILBI could signify a pivotal turning point in the law of the sea.
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