Описание: Social media platforms do not just circulate political ideas, they support manipulative disinformation campaigns. While some of these disinformation campaigns are carried out directly by individuals, most are waged by software, commonly known as bots, programmed to perform simple, repetitive, robotic tasks. Some social media bots collect and distribute legitimate information, while others communicate with and harass people, manipulate trending algorithms, and inundate systems with spam. Campaigns made up of bots, fake accounts, and trolls can be coordinated by one person, or a small group of people, to give the illusion of large-scale consensus. Some political regimes use political bots to silence opponents and to push official state messaging, to sway the vote during elections, and to defame critics, human rights defenders, civil society groups, and journalists. This book argues that such automation and platform manipulation, amounts to a new political communications mechanism that Samuel Woolley and Philip N. Noward call computational propaganda. This differs from older styles of propaganda in that it uses algorithms, automation, and human curation to purposefully distribute misleading information over social media networks while it actively learns from and mimicks real people so as to manipulate public opinion across a diverse range of platforms and device networks. This book includes cases of computational propaganda from nine countries (both democratic and authoritarian) and four continents (North and South America, Europe, and Asia), covering propaganda efforts over a wide array of social media platforms and usage in different types of political processes (elections, referenda, and during political crises).
Автор: Birkenhead Frederick Edwin Smith, Bliss Tasker Howard, Kerr Philip Henry Название: Approaches to World Problems ISBN: 1289341583 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781289341589 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 2862.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Boorman Howard L., Eckstein Alexander, Mosely Philip E. Название: Moscow-Peking Axis: Strengths and Strains ISBN: 1258409054 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781258409050 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 5876.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Witty, entertaining, and informative, this book on so-called ‘false friends’ will be of immediate use to anyone using the French language and needing to understand French society and culture. The individual entries have been carefully designed to carry the basic linguistic information required and then develop into a wider consideration of the social and cultural context within which the specific words and phrases are used in current French. As this title is supposed to be used in conjunction with and not instead of a dictionary, it also offers a brief list of recommended reading ranging from standard dictionaries to introductory works on French society and institutions.
Описание: Nearly every day brings news of another merger or acquisition involving the companies that control our food supply. Just how concentrated has this system become? At almost every key stage of the food system, four firms alone control 40% or more of the market, a level above which these companies have the power to drive up prices for consumers and reduce their rate of innovation. Researchers have identified additional problems resulting from these trends, including negative impacts on the environment, human health, and communities. This book reveals the dominant corporations, from the supermarket to the seed industry, and the extent of their control over markets. It also analyzes the strategies these firms are using to reshape society in order to further increase their power, particularly in terms of their bearing upon the more vulnerable sections of society, such as recent immigrants, ethnic minorities and those of lower socioeconomic status. Yet this study also shows that these trends are not inevitable. Opposed by numerous efforts, from microbreweries to seed saving networks, it explores how such opposition has encouraged the most powerful firms to make small but positive changes.
Автор: Philip Howard Название: The Square: Sweet ISBN: 1906650829 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781906650827 Издательство: Bloomsbury Рейтинг: Цена: 4455.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Phil Howard`s dedication to perfection informs every page of this monumental work of gastronomic creativity and technical expertise.
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