State failure is a central challenge to international peace and security in the post-Cold War era. Yet theorizing on the causes of state failure remains surprisingly limited. In State Erosion, Lawrence P. Markowitz draws on his extensive fieldwork in two Central Asian republics—Tajikistan, where state institutions fragmented into a five-year civil war from 1992 through 1997, and Uzbekistan, which constructed one of the largest state security apparatuses in post-Soviet Eurasia—to advance a theory of state failure focused on unlootable resources, rent seeking, and unruly elites.In Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and other countries with low capital mobility—where resources cannot be extracted, concealed, or transported to market without state intervention—local elites may control resources, but they depend on patrons to convert their resources into rents. Markowitz argues that different rent-seeking opportunities either promote the cooptation of local elites to the regime or incite competition over rents, which in turn lead to either cohesion or fragmentation. Markowitz distinguishes between weak states and failed states, challenges the assumption that state failure in a country begins at the center and radiates outward, and expands the "resource curse" argument to include cash crop economies, where mechanisms of state failure differ from those involved in fossil fuels and minerals. Broadening his argument to weak states in the Middle East (Syria and Lebanon) and Africa (Zimbabwe and Somalia), Markowitz shows how the distinct patterns of state failure in weak states with immobile capital can inform our understanding of regime change, ethnic violence, and security sector reform.
Автор: Judith Markowitz Название: Robots that Talk and Listen: Technology and Social Impact ISBN: 1614516030 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781614516033 Издательство: Walter de Gruyter Цена: 13008.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Robots That Talk and Listen provides a forward-looking examination of speech and language in robots from technical, functional, and social perspectives. Contributors address cultural foundations as well as the linguistic skills and technologies that robots need to function effectively in real-world settings. Among the most difficult and complex is the ability to understand and use language. Speech-enabled automata are already serving as interactive toys, teacher’s aides, and research assistants. These robots will soon be joined by personal companions, industrial co-workers, and military support automata. The social impact of these and other robots extends well beyond the specific tasks they perform. Contributors tackle the most knotty of those issues, notably acceptance of advanced, speech-enabled robots and developing ethical and moral controls for robots. Topics in this book include: •Language and Beyond: The True Meaning of “Speech Enabled” •Robots in Myth and Media •Enabling Robots to Converse •Language Learning by Automata •Handling Noisy Settings•Empirical Studies of Robots in Real-World Environments •Acceptance of Intelligent Robots•Managing Robots that Can Lie and Deceive•Envisioning a World Shared with Intelligent Robots
Автор: Markowitz Dave Название: Self-Care for the Self-Aware ISBN: 1452578567 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781452578569 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 1757.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
The needs of the self-aware are different. Many of us are overly empathic, and many are extra sensitive to certain foods, medicines, situations, and people. If you have physical or emotional ailments, are overweight, have allergies, or are inexplicably lethargic, unfocused, or feeling lost, there is a reason. Your energetic sensitivities likely have caused you to take on the pain, unhappiness, and other disease of the people around you. Self-Care for the Self-Aware provides a solution specifically tailored for you and your uncommon healing needs. If you've done way too many traditional, alternative, or complementary healing modalities and at best have only achieved temporary relief, Self-Care for the Self-Aware is for you. You'll learn a process specific to the self-aware to heal ourselves, so we can better serve others.
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