British Forts and Their Communities: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives, Christopher R. DeCorse, Zachary J. M. Beier
Автор: Field, Ron Название: Forts of the American Frontier 1820–91 ISBN: 1846030404 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781846030406 Издательство: Osprey Рейтинг: Цена: 2226.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
During the early decades of the 19th century, the Southern Plains of the North American continent were only occasionally visited by explorers, trappers, traders, and missionaries. The first trading posts and forts were built then, such as Adobe Walls in the panhandle of North Texas, and Tubac Presidio in New Mexico. During the 1840s, when the 'Great American Desert' became the scene of an inexorable westward expansion, European pioneers and settlers flooded overland from the eastern seaboard. As they headed west, these settlers invaded and absorbed the traditional lands of the Native American. Via a series of Acts passed by Congress, many members of the Five Civilized Tribes (the Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole) were moved to reservations. It was hoped that a Permanent Indian Frontier guarded by a line of military forts would separate the Indian from the 'white man' forever. Numerous posts were built to police the southern end of this frontier between 1820 and 1840.
Following the establishment of the Republic of Texas in 1836, and the Mexican War of 1846-48, the lands and wealth then acquired lured many more migrants to the Southwest. The resulting trails first breached and then destroyed the Permanent Indian Frontier. The US Government constructed a line of forts on the Texan frontier in 1848-49 to protect traders and settlers. This chain, which included forts Graham, Worth, Gates, Crogham, Inge and Duncan, extended for more than 800 miles. In 1850-52 it became necessary to erect another line of posts 200 miles further west, in order to keep pace with the rapidly advancing frontier and protect against the marauding Kiowas and Comanches. To combat constant Apache and Navajo raids, a network of posts was built in New Mexico throughout the remainder of 1850s. During the Civil War, the Texan forts seized and occupied by Confederate forces came under regular attack from marauding Indians. Also, in 1864, Kiowa and Comanche attacks on Santa Fe wagontrains on the borders of New Mexico Territory prompted a punitive expedition led by Colonel Christopher Kit Carson which led to the First Battle of Adobe Walls. This book is a detailed exploration of the design and development and operational histories of all of these forts and defensive systems.
Описание: Fort William Henry and Fort Phil Kearny were both conventional military outposts of the North American frontier - wooden stockades with sentry towers and blockhouses. Both lasted but briefly - about two years from construction until their walls went up in flames. And both saw what were termed "massacres" of Indians outside their wall. This book reexamines the traumatic events at both forts.
Описание: In pre-industrial societies, in which the majority of the population lived directly off the land, few issues were more important than the maintenance of soil fertility. This book brings together the work of a group of international scholars working on social, cultural, and economic issues relating to past manure and manuring.
Автор: Field Ron Название: Forts of the American Frontier 1776–1891 ISBN: 1849083150 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781849083157 Издательство: Osprey Рейтинг: Цена: 2226.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: "Forts of the American Frontier 1776-1891: California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska".
Автор: Martin Daunton Название: The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: Volume 3, 1840–1950 ISBN: 1107460042 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107460041 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 5386.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The third volume in The Cambridge Urban History of Britain examines the process of urbanisation and suburbanisation from the early Victorian period to the twentieth century. Leading scholars investigate the rise of cities and towns in England, Scotland and Wales, examining their economic, demographic, social, political, cultural and physical development.
Описание: This comprehensive survey of British colonial governors' houses and buildings used as state houses or capitols in the North American colonies begins with the founding of the Virginia Colony and ends with American independence. In addition to the 13 colonies that became the United States in 1783, the study includes three colonies in present-day Florida and Canada-East Florida, West Florida and the Province of Quebec-obtained by Great Britain after the French and Indian War.
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