Описание: This study assesses the potential for job creation through infrastructure investment in the Middle East and North Africa. The region has experience in making the most of infrastructure investments, but maintaining and spreading the momentum in infrastructure will be important to support future growth and job creation. To do so, policymakers will have to recognize that there are large differences in initial conditions across the region in terms of starting stock, needs, fiscal commitments, private sector participation and job creation potential. Overall, the region’s infrastructure needs through 2020 are quite large and estimated at about 106 billion dollars per year or 6.9 percent of the annual regional GDP. The differences in infrastructure and maintenance needs across sub-regions are also impressive, with developing oil exporters expected to require almost 11 percent of their GDP annually, while the oil importing countries and the GCC oil exporters expected to need approximately 6 and 5 percent of their GDP, respectively. Investment and rehabilitation needs are likely to be especially high in the electricity and transport sectors, particularly roads. Rehabilitation needs are expected to account for slightly more than half of total infrastructure needs. While oil exporters will be able to meet their national infrastructure needs if they maintain investment spending at rates prevailing in the 2000s, oil importers will fall short. The infrastructure sector has the potential to contribute to employment creation in MENA. The region could generate 2.0 million direct jobs and 2.5 million direct, indirect and induced infrastructure-related jobs just by meeting estimated, annual investment needs. However, the potential varies greatly across countries, and infrastructure alone will not resolve MENA’s unemployment problem. Going forward, decisions on what types of public spending to expand and what to downsize in order to achieve balanced budgets will have important implications for jobs. In designing country specific solutions, governments will have to tackle predictable challenges: the governance of job creation, the proper targeting and fiscal costs assessment of subsidies needed to create jobs, the design and fiscal costs of the (re)training programs needed and the expectations on the job creation effects of infrastructure.
Автор: Szirmai Название: Socio-Economic Development ISBN: 1107624495 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107624498 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 8395.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Taking a comparative and multidisciplinary approach, this textbook offers a non-technical introduction to the dynamics of socio-economic development and stagnation.
Автор: Islam Rizwanul, Islam Iyanatul Название: Employment and Inclusive Development ISBN: 0415825989 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415825986 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 15312.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book supports the view that employment is a cross-cutting issue shaped by macroeconomic and microeconomic policy interventions, and provides a capacious framework to analyse the complexity of this global debate. It covers a wide range of issues that have received insufficient attention in the discourse of development and labour economics.
Автор: Li Название: Rising Inequality in China ISBN: 1107529263 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107529267 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6970.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book, a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China (2008), examines changes from 2002 to 2007 in the Chinese distribution of income and poverty, and analyzes factors contributing to recent trends in inequality, providing insights into the potentially far-reaching consequences for China`s economy, politics and society.
Автор: Stewart Название: Employment, Income Distribution and Development ISBN: 1138968749 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138968745 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 6583.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: First Published In 1975. Routledge Is An Imprint Of Taylor &Amp; Francis, An Informa Company.
Название: Social Protection Floor ISBN: 1138292966 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138292963 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 22202.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: By examining different methodologies, strategies, and intiatives, this book explores the conceptual, economic and fiscal impacts of the Social Protection Floor initiative of policy influencers, and provides a framework for generating fiscal space to fund social protection programs and initiatives.
Автор: Schmitz, Hubert Название: Technology and employment practices in developing countries ISBN: 0815356803 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780815356806 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 16843.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Originally published in 1985, this book analyses the extent to which and the way in which technological change determines the utilisation of labour in less developed economies.
Автор: Asian Development Bank Название: Asian Development Outlook (Ado) 2018: How Technology Affects Jobs ISBN: 9292611208 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789292611200 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 7399.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Developing Asia is forecast to expand by 6.0% in 2018, and by 5.9% in 2019. Excluding Asia’s high-income newly industrialized economies, growth should reach 6.5% in 2018 and 6.4% in 2019.With oil prices edging up and robust consumer demand continuing, inflation is poised to pick up after dipping slightly last year. Consumer prices are projected to rise by 2.9% in both 2018 and 2019, or 0.6 percentage points more than in 2017.Though prospects are firm, risks are clearly to the downside. Protectionist measures and retaliation against them could undermine the recent pickup in trade growth. In response to fiscal stimulus, the United States Federal Reserve may need to raise interest rates faster than currently expected, which could diminish capital flows to developing Asia.
Описание: Many people in Sub-Sahara Africa don`t have access to improved sanitation facilities, and a quarter are undernourished. Informal community groups deliver the majority of social protection services, but most are disqualified from official recognition as they don`t "fit" the model of accountability. The book warns against undermining this resource.
Описание: Social protection programs can provide enhanced opportunities to strengthen climate and disaster resilience of the poor and the marginalized population in Asia and the Pacific region. Climate and disaster risk is increasing in the Asia and Pacific region, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and creating new ones. The adverse effects are felt most by the poor and the vulnerable. Social protection programs, when designed with climate and disaster risk considerations in mind, provide enhanced opportunities to strengthen climate and disaster resilience. This guidance note underscores the importance of strengthening climate change and disaster resilience through social protection programs and proposes a working framework for social protection programs to deliver on resilience outcomes—reduced risk, strengthened capacity to adapt, and enhanced residual risk management strategies to help recover from the adverse impacts of slow-onset and rapid-onset hazards.
Описание: Nowhere in the world is skills building more vital than in Sub-Saharan Africa. While the region faces challenges similar to those faced by other regions at similar stages of development, its challenges are also unique. With economic, demographic, and technological changes, the world of work and production is rapidly changing. Multiple skills are needed in modernizing economies, including foundational cognitive and socio-emotional skills as well as technical skills. Yet, despite unprecedented progress getting more children into schools, Sub-Saharan African countries have significant gaps in skills formation. Child stunting rates remain stubbornly high and in most of the region there is a learning crisis. Skills investments in the region require a balancing act. Countries face hard choices to strike the right balance between investing in skills that meet the needs of today's highly informal and agrarian economies (e.g., basic skills to improve livelihoods) and investing in the skills needed to foster economic transformation (e.g., technical skills for catalytic sectors); and between investing in the skills for the current generation and in those for upcoming ones. While challenging, the region has opportunities for leap-frogging. There is today more rigorous evidence on interventions that work to improve learning, and Sub-Saharan Africa is often at the frontier of these innovations.
Автор: Mauro Testaverde, Harry Moroz, Claire H. Hollweg, Achim Schmillen Название: Migrating to Opportunity: Overcoming Barriers to Labor Mobility in Southeast Asia ISBN: 1464811067 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464811067 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 5643.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The movement of people in Southeast Asia is an issue of increasing importance. Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are now the origin of 8 percent of the world's migrants. These countries host only 4 percent of the world's migrants but intra-regional migration has turned Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand into regional migration hubs that are home to 6.5 million ASEAN migrants. However, significant international and domestic labor mobility costs limit the ability of workers to change firms, sectors, and geographies in ASEAN. This report takes an innovative approach to estimate the costs for workers to migrate internationally. Singapore and Malaysia have the lowest international labor mobility costs in ASEAN while workers migrating to Myanmar and Vietnam have the highest costs. Singapore and Malaysia's more developed migration systems are a key reason for their lower labor mobility costs. How easily workers can move to take advantage of new opportunities is important in determining how they fare under the increased economic integration planned for ASEAN. To study this question, the report simulates how worker welfare is affected by enhanced trade integration under different scenarios of labor mobility costs. Region-wide, worker welfare would be 14 percent higher if barriers to mobility were reduced for skilled workers, and an additional 29 percent if barriers to mobility were lowered for all workers. Weaknesses in migration systems increase international labor mobility costs, but policy reforms can help. Destination countries should work toward systems that are responsive to economic needs and consistent with domestic policies. Sending countries should balance protections for migrant workers with the needs of economic development.
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