Описание: Packed with outstanding photographs, this practical, compact yet comprehensive reference is the definitive guide to all 139 amphibian species found in the Western Palearctic and adjacent regions. From familiar frogs and toads to striking salamanders and newts, the detailed text describes each species' appearance, habitat and behaviour, and includes useful information on their classifications, ecology and life cycles. Grouped by families for ease of use, every account includes an accurate distribution map and colour photographs annotated with crucial details to help swiftly identify species in the field.
Written by field biologist Christophe Dufresnes, this is the ultimate photographic guide for amateurs and expert herpetologists alike.
The works collected in The Lure of Authoritarianism consider the normative appeal of authoritarianism in light of the 2011 popular uprisings in the Middle East. Despite what seemed to be a popular revolution in favor of more democratic politics, there has instead been a slide back toward authoritarian regimes that merely gesture toward notions of democracy. In the chaos that followed the Arab Spring, societies were lured by the prospect of strong leaders with firm guiding hands. The shift toward normalizing these regimes seems sudden, but the works collected in this volume document a gradual shift toward support for authoritarianism over democracy that stretches back decades in North Africa. Contributors consider the ideological, socioeconomic, and security-based justifications of authoritarianism as well as the surprising and vigorous reestablishment of authoritarianism in these regions. With careful attention to local variations and differences in political strategies, the volume provides a nuanced and sweeping consideration of the changes in the Middle East in the past and what they mean for the future.
Описание: The focus of this book is on a specific outcome of the rule of law: the enforcement of laws and policies, and the determinants of this enforcement. Are there significant and persistent differences in implementation across countries? Why are some laws and policies more systematically enforced than others?
Описание: MENA is one of the richest regions in the world in terms of natural resources: it holds more than 60 percent of the world’s proven oil reserves, mostly located in the Gulf region, and nearly half of gas reserves. Oil represents 80-85 percent of merchandise exports in the region, making it highly depending on fluctuations in international prices. A long strand of economic literature has suggested that such dependence may hurt a country’s growth prospects and the scope for job creation by reducing economic diversification. This volume investigates the effect of natural resources and the role of policies on achieving higher and sustained growth through diversification away from oil. It explores analytical questions which include: (i) the impact of the real exchange rate on manufacturing and tradable services competitiveness in MENA; (ii) the role of fiscal policy in supporting diversification; (iii) how “weak links” (input sectors with low productivity) play a critical role in explaining the concentration of economic activities, in addition to the classical Dutch Disease effect and (iv) the impact of macroeconomic factors on the drive for regional integration Several policy recommendations emerge from this analysis: (i) policymakers should strive to avoid real exchange rate overvaluation through consistent fiscal policies, flexible exchange rates and adequate product and factor market regulations; (ii) reforms to improve the competition and efficiency of upstream input activities are crucial for improving the performance of downstream activities and diversification in MENA (iii) a consistent and transparent fiscal policy is essential to reduce instability, build the fiscal space needed to invest in core infrastructure and human capital and create a favorable environment for diversification; (iv) while regional trade integration is desirable for political, social, cultural and economic reasons, in terms of trade liberalization, this is not the best option for resource-rich countries of the region. Policymakers should take this into account in discussing regional integration options. It is hoped that the findings of this work will be of interest to policymakers, the civil society, donors and practitioners in MENA countries and stimulate the debate of such an important topic.
Автор: Nicola Clarke Название: The Muslim Conquest of Iberia: Medieval Arabic Narratives ISBN: 0415719151 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415719155 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 8573.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book explores the medieval Islamic historiography relating to the Arab conquest of Spain in 711, arguing that the body of medieval Arabic tradition about this conquest is a showcase for the diversity and creativity of medieval Islamic history-writing.
Автор: Szmolka, Inmaculada Название: Political change in the middle east and north africa ISBN: 1474415288 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781474415286 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 15840.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Taking a comparative approach, this book considers the ways in which political regimes in the Middle East and North Africa have changed since the Arab Spring.
Описание: The central hypothesis examined in this report is whether inequality of opportunities (as opposed to inequality of outcomes) - starting from early in life and culminating into opportunities in the labor market - explains part of what many have labeled the Arab inequality puzzle.
Автор: Fattouh, Bassam; Stern, Jonathan Название: Natural Gas Markets in the Middle East and North Africa ISBN: 0199593019 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199593019 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 9662.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book provides an in-depth study of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) gas markets and their role as producers to both Atlantic and Pacific markets. It looks at the energy policies of MENA governments and whether domestic gas prices can be maintained in the face of rapid increases in gas demand and rising development costs.
Описание: Water has always been a source of risks and opportunities in the Middle East and North Africa. Yet rapidly changing socioeconomic, political, and environmental conditions make water security a different, and more urgent, challenge than ever before. This report shows that water security is about much more than just coping with water scarcity. It entails ensuring the delivery of affordable and high quality water to citizens in order to reinforce relationships between service providers and customers and contribute to a renewed social contract. It involves managing the impacts of migration on water supplies to ensure -- against a backdrop of historic levels of displacement -- that both host and refugee communities enjoy equitable and reliable access without degrading water resources. As the report describes, water security is an urgent target, but also a target within reach. A host of potential solutions to the region's water management challenges exist. To make these solutions work, clear incentives are needed to change the way water is managed, conserved, and allocated. Countries in the region also will need to engage civil society and youth as well as promote social inclusion.
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