The impartial administration of justice and the accountability of government officials are two of the most strongly held American values. Yet these values are often in direct conflict with one another.
At the national level, the U.S. Constitution resolves this tension in favor of judicial independence, insulating judges from the undue influence of other political institutions, interest groups, and the general public. But at the state level, debate has continued as to the proper balance between judicial independence and judicial accountability. In this volume, constitutional scholar G. Alan Tarr focuses squarely on that debate. In part, the analysis is historical: how have the reigning conceptions of judicial independence and accountability emerged, and when and how did conflict over them develop? In part, the analysis is theoretical: what is the proper understanding of judicial independence and accountability?
Tarr concludes the book by identifying the challenges to state-level judicial independence and accountability that have emerged in recent decades, assessing the solutions offered by the competing sides, and offering proposals for how to strike the appropriate balance between independence and accountability.
The impartial administration of justice and the accountability of government officials are two of the most strongly held American values. Yet these values are often in direct conflict with one another.
At the national level, the U.S. Constitution resolves this tension in favor of judicial independence, insulating judges from the undue influence of other political institutions, interest groups, and the general public. But at the state level, debate has continued as to the proper balance between judicial independence and judicial accountability. In this volume, constitutional scholar G. Alan Tarr focuses squarely on that debate. In part, the analysis is historical: how have the reigning conceptions of judicial independence and accountability emerged, and when and how did conflict over them develop? In part, the analysis is theoretical: what is the proper understanding of judicial independence and accountability?
Tarr concludes the book by identifying the challenges to state-level judicial independence and accountability that have emerged in recent decades, assessing the solutions offered by the competing sides, and offering proposals for how to strike the appropriate balance between independence and accountability.
This second volume of A History Teaching Toolbox is an ideal handbook for busy classroom teachers eager to try out fresh strategies with their students. More than 65 tried and tested activities and approaches are organised into helpful categories and explained with step-by-step instructions and topic-specific examples to illustrate how they can be immediately employed. A History Teaching Toolbox Volume Two is written for both new and experienced classroom practitioners keen to bring history alive for their students and is written by award-winning history teacher Russel Tarr.
Chapter outline
1. Imparting knowledge to students
Escape the room
Three effective role-play techniques
Hand gestures to reflect changing relations between groups
Unlock the box
Mysterious moments
Image flash
Time-wipes
2. Debate and Discussion Strategies
Chat-show challenges
Tell us something we don t know
Protest placards: design, anticipate, react
Brilliance or Baloney?
Guess the statistics
Sticky notes for silent presentations
Boxing match debates
3. Transforming and applying knowledge
TripAdvisor graphics showing impact in various places
Design a theme park based around the topic
Convert statistics into infographics
Design / destroy a banknote
Create a Google Doodle
Produce a board game
Guess who?
4. Comparing, contrasting, linking
Sports commentaries
Crime boards
Dialogue poems
Speed dates / Blind dates
Top trumps
Which one doesn't belong?
5. Judgments and interpretations
Relationship webs
Living graph
Factor auction
How would geographers approach this question?
Design a DVD Inlay
Time travel agent: complaint letters v. advertising blurb
6. Group work approaches
Destroy or deploy?
Random name picker
Re-enact a conference
Which part of the body were you?
Image jigsaw
Peer assessment slips
7: Tests and revision
Takeaway mark scheme
How certain are you?
Plot holes in history
Spiced-up cloze exercises
Alphabet challenge
Rhyming timelines
Exam questions from hell
8: Classroom display
Knowledge cubes
The big picture
Rice above the statistics
Affordable props
Meme posters
Turn the topic into objects
9: Essay skills
Sketch-noting and beyond
Backward rainbow essays
Student vocabulary bookmark
Biased words knockout challenge
Online essay-writing tools
Compare opening paragraphs of several books
10: Other ideas
Build history into the school calendar
Wheel of emotions
Using Emojis
Dream sources
Fake news
Breaking news / Click bait
Biographies beyond the syllabus
Five ways to use music effectively
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