Описание: This book discusses the socioeconomic effects of Right-to-Work (RTW) laws on state populations. RTW laws forbid requiring union membership even at union-represented worksites. The core of the 22 long-term RTW states was the Confederacy, cultural descendants of rigidly hierarchical agrarian feudal England. RTW laws buttress hierarchy and power imbalance which unions minimize at the worksite and by encouraging higher educational attainment, social mobility, and individual empowerment through group validation. Contrary to claims of RTW proponents, RTW and non-RTW states do not differ significantly in unemployment rates.RTW states have higher poverty rates, lower median household incomes, and lower educational attainment on average and median than non-RTW states. RTW states on average and median have lower life expectancy, higher obesity prevalence, and higher rates of all-cause mortality, early mortality from chronic conditions, child mortality, and risk behaviors than non-RTW states. The higher mortality rates result in startlingly higher annual numbers of years of life lost before age 75. Stroke mortality at age 55-64 in RTW states results in nearly 10,000 years annually lost in excess of what it would be if the mortality rate were that of non-RTW states.A review of respected publications describes the physiological mechanisms and epidemiology of accelerated aging due to socioeconomic stress. Unions challenge hierarchy directly at work-sites and indirectly through encouraging college education, social mobility, and community and political engagement. How startling that feudal hierarchy lives in 21st century America, shaping vast differences between states in macro- and micro-economics, educational attainment, innovation, life expectancy, obesity prevalence, chronic disease mortality, infant and child mortality, risk behaviors, and other public health markers! Readers will gain insight about the coming clash between feudal individualism and adaptive collectivism, and, in the last chapter, on ways to win the clash by “missionary” work for collectivism.
Описание: Offering practical ideas for fixing problems that make too many Americans unable to afford adequate housing
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic struck, the poorest one-fifth of U.S. families struggled to pay the rent or mortgage without foregoing other necessities. A growing number of middle-income families face difficult tradeoffs in their housing choices: devote a larger chunk of their paycheck to housing costs or endure long commutes. More than 50 years after the federal Fair Housing Act was passed, Black homeownership rates are 30 percentage points lower those of white households, and most cities still have high levels of racial segregation. Most new housing is built in car-dependent areas on the exurban fringe, far from jobs and public transportation, even as the impacts of climate change become ever more apparent.
The United States doesn't have an integrated, coherent housing policy to deal with these problems. Rather, it has lots of different policies designed and implemented by a variety of public agencies. Where and how governments choose to invest public funds in roads, public transportation, and other infrastructure has profound implications for housing prices and availability.
This book provides an action plan for how federal, state, and local policies should be restructured to achieve better housing outcomes for individuals, families, and communities. The author proposes systemic change in the political processes regulating housing production, federal tax policy, funding for transportation and infrastructure, and greater federal support for the social safety net. One possible driving force for some of these changes could be the potential emergence of new coalitions that align the economic and political incentives of young, racially diverse, urban renter households with conservatives who favor limited government.
As the first book addressing the broad set of local, state, and national housing policies, this book is for policymakers, journalists, and advocacy groups engaged in the housing field, as well as general readers. The book also will make an excellent teaching resource for advanced undergraduate or master's courses in urban planning and public policy.
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