Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mediating Hearing Loss, Ramkumar

Автор: Ramkumar
Название: Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mediating Hearing Loss
ISBN: 3319925067 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319925066
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 13974.00 р.
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Описание: Common forms of preventable hearing loss are drug and noise-induced hearing loss which are believed to be produced by a similar mechanism. The generation of reactive oxygen species appears to be a common mechanism mediating hearing loss produced by these different sources. As such, a number of laboratories have focused their research towards identifying the sources of ROS production in the cochlea following administration of chemotherapeutic agents or noise exposure. This led to the identification of ROS generating enzymes, such as xanthine oxidases, nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidases which are activated and/or induced during the development of hearing loss. A consequence of these findings was the implementation of antioxidants in preclinical studies for the treatment of hearing loss. These antioxidants have provided different levels of protection in animal and human studies, but none of these have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hearing loss. More recently, it was shown that noise-induced hearing loss was associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells and mediators in the cochlea. This finding would suggest that noise could produce injury to the cochlea which stimulates local and/or circulating inflammatory cells. A similar finding was observed in the cochlea following administration of the anticancer drug, cisplatin. In addition, our laboratory and others have provided a plausible mechanism by which noise or chemotherapeutic agents could stimulate the inflammatory response. Surprisingly, this mechanism involves ROS activation of transcription factors linked to inflammatory processes in the cochlea. These studies have led to the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of hearing loss. Preliminary studies targeting inflammatory cytokines appear especially promising in preclinical studies. A primary goal of this project is to describe our current understanding of the oxidant hypothesis of noise and drug-induced hearing loss and show how this relates to cochlear inflammation. Several different aspects of the cochlear inflammatory process will be discussed in detail, ranging from the sources of inflammatory cells, chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, and cochlea resident immune cells. Molecular pathways leading to activation of the local inflammatory process will be highlighted and treatment options will be discussed. The relevance of certain clinically used anti-inflammatory interventions, such as trans-typmanic steroids will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will examine recent patents focusing on the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of drug and noise-induced hearing loss.

Автор: Geoffrey A. Manley
Название: Peripheral Hearing Mechanisms in Reptiles and Birds
ISBN: 3642836178 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642836176
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 18284.00 р.
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Описание: Data on a huge amount of information concerning all aspects of structural, neurophysiological and anatomical aspects are reviewed as published up to mid-1988: in addition a good deal of yet unpublished data from the author`s laboratory are included.

Автор: Lindsay Aitkin
Название: Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing
ISBN: 1468439103 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781468439106
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 6986.00 р.
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Описание: In contrast to the level of interest which is paid to the orga- nization of meetings about the structure and function of the audi- tory periphery, the central auditory system has received little attention in the last several years.