Описание: Following a protracted research and development phase, Mikoyan Gurevich’s MiG-23 finally entered service with the former Soviet Air Force in the early 1970s. Almost immediately, a number of foreign customers pressed Moscow for deliveries of this long-overdue type, expected to succeed the popular MiG-21 as a standard interceptor. Correspondingly, large numbers of MiG-23 interceptors and fighter-bombers were exported to five major Arab air forces in the mid-1970s. This is a detailed history of the operational service of this Soviet-manufactured interceptor and its fighter-bomber variants in service with Algerian, Egyptian, Iraqi, Libyan, and Syrian air forces, since 1974. While Egypt purchased only a handful before its final break with Moscow, and Algeria limited related acquisitions, Iraq, Libya and Syria continued purchasing advanced variants in significant numbers through the 1980s. The units operating MiG-23s were soon transformed into the backbone of the military services in question, and they saw combat service in a number of intensive military conflicts. In the 1980s, they fought against Israeli jets over Lebanon, against the Iranians in the Iran-Iraq War, and confronted US Navy’s F-14s on numerous occasions off Libya. In 1991 Iraqi MiG-23s were deployed in combat against the US-led coalition’s F-15s. Indeed, in Syria, different versions of MiG-23 continue flying combat operations today. Illustrated with over 110 photographs – many of these never published before –colour profiles and a dozen maps, this volume provides a unique point of reference, revealing much detail about camouflage patterns, unit insignia and aircraft markings.
Автор: King Stephen Название: New authoritarianism in the middle east and north africa ISBN: 0253353971 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780253353979 Издательство: Marston Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 9702.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Considers the reasons that international and domestic efforts toward democratization have failed to take hold in the Arab world. Focusing on Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, and Algeria, this title suggests that a complex set of variables characterizes authoritarian rule and helps to explain both its dynamism and its persistence.
Название: Women in the Middle East and North Africa ISBN: 1137274107 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137274106 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 4191.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book explores the complexity of women`s social status in the Middle East and North African region and fills a gap in the existing literature by providing an up-to-date and comprehensive portrait of women`s status from a theoretical and socio-demographic perspective.
Автор: Sayan Название: Economic Performance in the Middle East and North Africa ISBN: 0415673372 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415673372 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 8573.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book investigates the performance of the economies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), focusing in particular on the role of corruption and the underlying institutional structure in determining economic growth and the prospects for development.
Описание: In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, and in light of socio-economic and geopolitical challenges facing governments old and new, women`s rights and empowerment have gained new urgency and relevance.
Описание: The role of gender in the Middle East and North Africa is widely discussed - but often little understood. Seeking to close that gap, the authors of this comprehensive study explore a wide range of issues related to gender in the region as they have been unfolding since the Arab Spring.
Описание: This study assesses the potential for job creation through infrastructure investment in the Middle East and North Africa. The region has experience in making the most of infrastructure investments, but maintaining and spreading the momentum in infrastructure will be important to support future growth and job creation. To do so, policymakers will have to recognize that there are large differences in initial conditions across the region in terms of starting stock, needs, fiscal commitments, private sector participation and job creation potential. Overall, the region’s infrastructure needs through 2020 are quite large and estimated at about 106 billion dollars per year or 6.9 percent of the annual regional GDP. The differences in infrastructure and maintenance needs across sub-regions are also impressive, with developing oil exporters expected to require almost 11 percent of their GDP annually, while the oil importing countries and the GCC oil exporters expected to need approximately 6 and 5 percent of their GDP, respectively. Investment and rehabilitation needs are likely to be especially high in the electricity and transport sectors, particularly roads. Rehabilitation needs are expected to account for slightly more than half of total infrastructure needs. While oil exporters will be able to meet their national infrastructure needs if they maintain investment spending at rates prevailing in the 2000s, oil importers will fall short. The infrastructure sector has the potential to contribute to employment creation in MENA. The region could generate 2.0 million direct jobs and 2.5 million direct, indirect and induced infrastructure-related jobs just by meeting estimated, annual investment needs. However, the potential varies greatly across countries, and infrastructure alone will not resolve MENA’s unemployment problem. Going forward, decisions on what types of public spending to expand and what to downsize in order to achieve balanced budgets will have important implications for jobs. In designing country specific solutions, governments will have to tackle predictable challenges: the governance of job creation, the proper targeting and fiscal costs assessment of subsidies needed to create jobs, the design and fiscal costs of the (re)training programs needed and the expectations on the job creation effects of infrastructure.
Описание: Water has always been a source of risks and opportunities in the Middle East and North Africa. Yet rapidly changing socioeconomic, political, and environmental conditions make water security a different, and more urgent, challenge than ever before. This report shows that water security is about much more than just coping with water scarcity. It entails ensuring the delivery of affordable and high quality water to citizens in order to reinforce relationships between service providers and customers and contribute to a renewed social contract. It involves managing the impacts of migration on water supplies to ensure -- against a backdrop of historic levels of displacement -- that both host and refugee communities enjoy equitable and reliable access without degrading water resources. As the report describes, water security is an urgent target, but also a target within reach. A host of potential solutions to the region's water management challenges exist. To make these solutions work, clear incentives are needed to change the way water is managed, conserved, and allocated. Countries in the region also will need to engage civil society and youth as well as promote social inclusion.
Автор: Springborg, Robert Название: Political economies of the middle east and north africa ISBN: 1509535608 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781509535606 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 2850.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: "Despite its oil wealth, the Middle East and North Africa is economically stagnating. In this book leading Middle East scholar Robert Springborg discusses the economic future of this region by examining the national and regional political causes of its contemporary underperformance"--
Название: The Muslim Reception of European Orientalism ISBN: 1138232033 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138232037 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 19906.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: How were the Orientalist writings of European scholars of Islam received among their Muslim contemporaries? An international team of contributors answer this often-overlooked question in this volume.
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