Our Moral Fate: Evolution and the Escape from Tribalism, Buchanan Allen
Автор: Baumard Nicolas, Baumard N. Название: The Origins of Fairness: How Evolution Explains Our Moral Nature ISBN: 0190210222 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780190210229 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 10296.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In order to describe the logic of morality, "contractualist" philosophers have studied how individuals behave when they choose to follow their moral intuitions. These individuals, contractualists note, often act as if they have bargained and thus reached an agreement with others about how to distribute the benefits and burdens of mutual cooperation. Using this observation, such philosophers argue that the purpose of morality is to maximize the benefits of human interaction. The resulting "contract" analogy is both insightful and puzzling. On one hand, it captures the pattern of moral intuitions, thus answering questions about human cooperation: why do humans cooperate? Why should the distribution of benefits be proportionate to each person's contribution? Why should the punishment be proportionate to the crime? Why should the rights be proportionate to the duties? On the other hand, the analogy provides a mere as-if explanation for human cooperation, saying that cooperation is "as if" people have passed a contract-but since they didn't, why should it be so? To evolutionary thinkers, the puzzle of the missing contract is immediately reminiscent of the puzzle of the missing "designer" of life-forms, a puzzle that Darwin's theory of natural selection essentially resolved. Evolutionary and contractualist theory originally intersected at the work of philosophers John Rawls and David Gauthier, who argued that moral judgments are based on a sense of fairness that has been naturally selected. In this book, Nicolas Baumard further explores the theory that morality was originally an adaptation to the biological market of cooperation, an arena in which individuals competed to be selected for cooperative interactions. In this environment, Baumard suggests, the best strategy was to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation in a fair way, so that those who offered less than others were left out of cooperation while those who offered more were exploited by their partners. It is with this evolutionary approach that Baumard ultimately accounts for the specific structure of human morality.
Автор: Smit, Harry Название: Social evolution of human nature ISBN: 1107697557 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107697553 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 5069.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book sheds new light on the problem of how the human mind evolved. Harry Smit argues that current explanations misguidedly use variants of the Cartesian conception of the mind. The author shows that combining the Aristotelian conception with Darwin`s theory provides us with far more interesting answers.
Автор: Buchanan Allen Название: Evolution of Moral Progress ISBN: 0190868414 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780190868413 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6176.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In The Evolution of Moral Progress, Allen Buchanan and Russell Powell resurrect the project of explaining moral progress. They avoid the errors of earlier attempts by drawing on a wide range of disciplines including moral and political philosophy, evolutionary biology, evolutionary psychology, anthropology, history, and sociology. Their focus is on one especially important type of moral progress: gains in inclusivity. They develop a framework to explain progress in inclusivity to also illuminate moral regression--the return to exclusivist and "tribalistic" moral beliefs and attitudes. Buchanan and Powell argue those tribalistic moral responses are not hard-wired by evolution in human nature. Rather, human beings have an evolved "adaptively plastic" capacity for both inclusion and exclusion, depending on environmental conditions. Moral progress in the dimension of inclusivity is possible, but only to the extent that human beings can create environments conducive to extending moral standing to all human beings and even to some animals. Buchanan and Powell take biological evolution seriously, but with a critical eye, while simultaneously recognizing the crucial role of culture in creating environments in which moral progress can occur. The book avoids both biological and cultural determinism. Unlike earlier theories of moral progress, their theory provides a naturalistic account that is grounded in the best empirical work, and unlike earlier theories it does not present moral progress as inevitable or as occurring in definite stages; but rather it recognizes the highly contingent and fragile character of moral improvement.
Автор: Thompson Название: Evolutionary Biology ISBN: 1107027012 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107027015 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 14256.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume provides contemporary insights into biological evolution, exploring topics such as DNA barcoding, three grand challenges of human evolution, functionalism, historicity, design, evolution and development, and religion and secular humanism. It will be of interest to those studying philosophy of biology and evolutionary biology.
Описание: The invited essays in this volume offer critical reflections upon Midgley`s work and further developments of her ideas, and include topics such as the moral status of animals, the concept of wickedness, science and mythology, the Gaia Hypothesis, her relationship to modern moral philosophy, and her work with Irish Murdoch.
Описание: This volume provides contemporary insights into biological evolution, exploring topics such as DNA barcoding, three grand challenges of human evolution, functionalism, historicity, design, evolution and development, and religion and secular humanism. It will be of interest to those studying philosophy of biology and evolutionary biology.
Автор: Singer Peter Название: The Expanding Circle: Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress ISBN: 0691150699 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691150697 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 2374.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: What is ethics? Where do moral standards come from? Are they based on emotions, reason, or some innate sense of right and wrong? This title argues that altruism began as a genetically based drive to protect one`s kin and community members but has developed into a consciously chosen ethic with an expanding circle of moral concern.
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