Although physicians during World War I, and scholars since, have addressed the idea of disorders such as shell shock as inchoate flights into sickness by men unwilling to cope with war's privations, they have given little attention to the agency many soldiers actually possessed to express dissent in a system that medicalized it. In Germany, these men were called Kriegszitterer, or "war tremblers," for their telltale symptom of uncontrollable shaking. Based on archival research that constitutes the largest study of psychiatric patient files from 1914 to 1918, Diagnosing Dissent examines the important space that wartime psychiatry provided soldiers expressing objection to the war.
Rebecca Ayako Bennette argues that the treatment of these soldiers was far less dismissive of real ailments and more conducive to individual expression of protest than we have previously thought. In addition, Diagnosing Dissent provides an important reevaluation of German psychiatry during this period. Bennette's argument fundamentally changes how we interpret central issues such as the strength of the German Rechtsstaat and the continuities or discontinuities between the events of World War I and the atrocities committed—often in the name of medicine and sometimes by the same physicians—during World War II.
1. Introduction; Eleonora Narvselius and Gelinada Grinchenko.- I. Military formations and combatants in "formulas of betrayal".- 2. Monuments for deserters!? The changing image of Wehrmacht deserters in Germany and their gradual entry into Germany's memory culture; Marco DRДGER.- 3. From Traitors to Role Models: Rehabilitation and Memorialization of Wehrmacht Deserters in Austria; Peter PIRKER and Johannes KRAMER.- 4. Reinventing Collaboration: The Vlasov Movement in the Postwar Russian Emigration; Benjamin TROMLY.- II. Intellectuals elites as betrayers, the betrayed and masterminds behind "formulas of betrayal".- 5. Taking an Intellectual Stance between Communist Resistance and Fascist Collaboration: Jean Paulhan and the Йpuration Process in France at the end of WWII; Caroline PERRET.- 6. Intellectuals in Times of Troubles: Between Empowerment and Disenchantment during the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan; Yuliya YURCHUK and Alla MARCHENKO.- 7. Discussing wartime collaboration in a transnational digital space: Framing of the UPA and Latvian Legion on Wikipedia; Mārtiņs KAPRĀNS and Mykola MAKHORTYKH.- 8. In the Ninth Circle: Intellectuals as Traitors in the Russo-Ukrainian War; Tanya ZAHARCHENKO.- III. Collaboration in the conditions of WWII: crime, punishment, memory.- 9. Collaboration and the Genocide of Roma in Poland; Slawomir KAPRALSKI.- 10. The Soviet punishment of an all-European crime, "horizontal collaboration"; Vanessa VOISIN.- 11. "Organized bestial gangs"- The Second World War and Images of Betrayal in Yugoslav Socialist Cinema; Tea SINDB K ANDERSEN.- 12. Collaboration and Collaborators in Ukraine during the Second World War: Between Myth and Memory; Mykola BOROVYK.- IV. "Formulas of betrayal" as a political ascription and public response.- 13. "...And upon my silken braids a German's iron boot will trample..." Creating images of female Soviet Ostarbeiter as a betrayer and the betrayed; Gelinada GRINCHENKO and Eleonora NARVSELIUS.- 14. Betrayal of memory in Hungarian public memorials of the 20th century; Melinda HARLOV.- 15. Betrayal and Public Memory: 'Myroslav Irchan Affair' in Diaspora-Homeland Disjuncture; Natalia KHANENKO FRIESEN.- 16. Post-war and post-communist Poland and European knightly myths of loyalty and betrayal: Pasikowski's acquis mythologique communautaire; Piotr TOCZYSKI.
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