This book explores the evolving nature of objectivity in the history of science and its implications for science education. It is generally considered that objectivity, certainty, truth, universality, the scientific method and the accumulation of experimental data characterize both science and science education. Such universal values associated with science may be challenged while studying controversies in their original historical context. The scientific enterprise is not characterized by objectivity or the scientific method, but rather controversies, alternative interpretations of data, ambiguity, and uncertainty. Although objectivity is not synonymous with truth or certainty, it has eclipsed other epistemic virtues and to be objective is often used as a synonym for scientific.
Recent scholarship in history and philosophy of science has shown that it is not the experimental data (Baconian orgy of quantification) but rather the diversity / plurality in a scientific discipline that contributes toward understanding objectivity. History of science shows that objectivity and subjectivity can be considered as the two poles of a continuum and this dualism leads to a conflict in understanding the evolving nature of objectivity.
The history of objectivity is nothing less than the history of science itself and the evolving and varying forms of objectivity does not mean that one replaced the other in a sequence but rather each form supplements the others.
This book is remarkable for its insistence that the philosophy of science, and in particular that discipline's analysis of objectivity as the supposed hallmark of the scientific method, is of direct value to teachers of science. Meticulously, yet in a most readable way, Mansoor Niaz looks at the way objectivity has been dealt with over the years in influential educational journals and in textbooks; it's fascinating how certain perspectives fade, while basic questions show no sign of going away. There are few books that take both philosophy and education seriously - this one does
Roald Hoffmann, Cornell University, chemist, writer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
Автор: Michael Bitbol; Pierre Kerszberg; Jean Petitot Название: Constituting Objectivity ISBN: 9048181445 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048181445 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 36197.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book pins down the methodological core of transcendental epistemology that must be used in order to throw light on the foundations of modern physics. A renewed understanding of modern physics is offered by the concept of constitution of objectivity.
Название: Objectivity in science ISBN: 3319143484 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319143484 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
A foundational work on historical and social studies of quantification
What accounts for the prestige of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is desirable in social investigation as a result of its successes in science. Trust in Numbers questions whether such success in the study of stars, molecules, or cells should be an attractive model for research on human societies, and examines why the natural sciences are highly quantitative in the first place. Theodore Porter argues that a better understanding of the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research brings a fresh perspective to its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Quantitative rigor is not inherent in science but arises from political and social pressures, and objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts. In a new preface, the author sheds light on the current infatuation with quantitative methods, particularly at the intersection of science and bureaucracy.
Автор: Boccuni Название: Objectivity, Realism, and Proof ISBN: 3319316427 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319316420 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16769.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
This volume covers a wide range of topics in the most recent debates in the philosophy of mathematics, and is dedicated to how semantic, epistemological, ontological and logical issues interact in the attempt to give a satisfactory picture of mathematical knowledge.The essays collected here explore the semantic and epistemic problems raised by different kinds of mathematical objects, by their characterization in terms of axiomatic theories, and by the objectivity of both pure and applied mathematics. They investigate controversial aspects of contemporary theories such as neo-logicist abstractionism, structuralism, or multiversism about sets, by discussing different conceptions of mathematical realism and rival relativistic views on the mathematical universe. They consider fundamental philosophical notions such as set, cardinal number, truth, ground, finiteness and infinity, examining how their informal conceptions can best be captured in formal theories.The philosophy of mathematics is an extremely lively field of inquiry, with extensive reaches in disciplines such as logic and philosophy of logic, semantics, ontology, epistemology, cognitive sciences, as well as history and philosophy of mathematics and science. By bringing together well-known scholars and younger researchers, the essays in this collection – prompted by the meetings of the Italian Network for the Philosophy of Mathematics (FilMat) – show how much valuable research is currently being pursued in this area, and how many roads ahead are still open for promising solutions to long-standing philosophical concerns.Promoted by the Italian Network for the Philosophy of Mathematics – FilMat
Автор: Francesca Boccuni; Andrea Sereni Название: Objectivity, Realism, and Proof ISBN: 3319810855 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319810850 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18167.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: SECTION I: MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS AND AXIOMATIZATION.- PART I: THE VARIETIES OF MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS.- Chapter 1: Semantic Nominalism: How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love Universals; Aldo Antonelli.- Chapter 2: Modality, Abstract Structures and Second-Order Logic; Robert Black.- Chapter 3: Category Theory and Set Theory: Algebraic Set Theory as an Example of their Interaction; Brice Halimi.- PART II: AXIOMS AND SET THEORY.- Chapter 4: Absolute Infinity; Leon Horsten.- Chapter 5: Forcing, multiverse and realism; Giorgio Venturi.- Chapter 6: True V or not True V, that is the Question; Gianluigi Oliveri.- SECTION II: REFERENCE AND EPISTEMOLOGY.- PART III: THE PROBLEM OF REFERENCE.- Chapter 7: Numbering Planets and Equating Facts; Robert Knowles.- Chapter 8: Multiversism and the Problem of Reference: How much Relativism is Acceptable? Neil Barton.- PART IV: MATHEMATICAL EPISTEMOLOGY AND COGNITION.- Chapter 9: The modal status of arithmetical truths in a contextual a priori framework; Markus Pantsar.- Chapter 10: Epistemology, Ontology and Application in Pincock's Account: A Weak Link? Marina Imocrante.- Chapter 11: Bootstrapping Rebooted; Mario Santos-Sousa.- SECTION III: FORMAL THEORIES AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY.- PART V: TRUTH AND FORMAL THEORIES.- Chapter 12: Incompleteness and the Flow of Truth; Mario Piazza.- Chapter 13: Notes on Axiomatic Truth and Predicative Comprehension; Carlo Nicolai.- PART VI: INFORMAL NOTIONS AND FORMAL ANALYSIS.- Chapter 14: Logic of Grounding: An Alternative Approach; Francesca Poggiolesi.- Chapter 15: Computability, Finiteness and the Standard Model of Arithmetic; Massimiliano Carrara and Enrico Martino and Matteo Plebani.- Chapter 16: The Significance of Categoricity for Formal Theories and Informal Beliefs; Samantha Pollock.
Автор: J. Forge Название: Measurement, Realism and Objectivity ISBN: 9401082383 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401082389 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12157.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand.
It is widely believed in philosophy of science that nobody can claim that any verdict of science is forced upon us by the effects of a physical world upon our sense organs and instruments. The Quine-Duhem problem supposedly allows us to resist any conclusion. Views on language aside, Quine is supposed to have shown this decisively.
But it is just false. In many scientific examples, there is simply no room to doubt that a particular hypothesis is responsible for a refutation or established by the observations.
Fault Tracing shows how to play independently established hypotheses against each other to determine whether an arbitrary hypothesis needs to be altered in the light of (apparently) refuting evidence. It analyses real examples from natural science, as well as simpler cases. It argues that, when scientific theories have a structure that prevents them from using this method, the theory looks wrong, and is subject to serious criticism. This is a new, and potentially far-reaching, theory of empirical justification.
Описание: Examining the forces that affect English education in schools, this timely book counters with a strong argument for the importance of continuing to teach literature in middle and secondary classrooms.
Описание: Examining the forces that affect English education in schools, this timely book counters with a strong argument for the importance of continuing to teach literature in middle and secondary classrooms.
Описание: One of the most pervasive and persistent questions in philosophy is the relationship between the natural sciences and traditional philosophical categories such as metaphysics, epistemology and the mind. This collection is a unique and valuable contribution to the literature on this issue.
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