Автор: Vinod Kumar Verma; Karel Katovsky Название: Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems ISBN: 9811339589 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811339585 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16769.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels, and discusses the applications of radiation, particularly spallation neutrons and gamma rays. The unspent nuclear fuel of a reactor amounts to roughly 95 per cent of the loaded fuel. It contains both fertile and fissile fuels, minor and higher actinides and radioactive fission products. In 2015, out of approximately 4 million metric tons of spent fuel, only 90,000 metric tons was reprocessed worldwide; the rest was either sent to repositories, kept for cooling down, or put on a waiting list for future reprocessing. With regard to the direct reutilization of spent nuclear fuel, the new technique of ‘Energy Amplifiers’ has attracted considerable attention among the nuclear energy community. Presenting extensive information on this technique, the book is divided into eight major sections: (i) spent nuclear fuel and alternative transmutation methods, (ii) general concept of accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADSS), (iii) spallation neutron sources and the possibility of incineration, (iv) requirements for nuclear data, (v) transmutation of spent nuclear fuel and extension of the fuel cycle, (vi) spallation neutron production facilities, (vii) major experimental facilities for ADSS, and (viii) software tools for the design and modelling of ADSS. The book is ideally suited as a textbook for graduate students as well as a reference guide for researchers and practitioners.
Описание: Materials for Ultra-Supercritical and Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants provides researchers in academia and industry with an essential overview of the stronger high-temperature materials required for key process components, such as membrane wall tubes, high-pressure steam piping and headers, superheater tubes, forged rotors, cast components, and bolting and blading for steam turbines in USC power plants. Advanced materials for future advanced ultra-supercritical power plants, such as superalloys,new martensitic and austenitic steels, are also addressed. Chapters on international research directions complete the volume. The transition from conventional subcritical to supercritical thermal power plants greatly increased power generation efficiency. Now the introductions of the ultra-supercritical (USC) and, in the near future, advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) designs are further efforts to reduce fossil fuel consumption in power plants and the associated carbon dioxide emissions. The higher operating temperatures and pressures found in these new plant types, however, necessitate the use of advanced materials.
Описание: Supercritical fluids have been utilized for numerous scientific advancements and industrial innovations. As the concern for environmental sustainability grows, these fluids have been increasingly used for energy efficiency purposes.Advanced Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Energy Systems is a pivotal reference source for the latest academic material on the integration of supercritical fluids into contemporary energy-related applications. Highlighting innovative discussions on topics such as renewable energy, fluid dynamics, and heat and mass transfer, this book is ideally designed for researchers, academics, professionals, graduate students, and practitioners interested in the latest trends in energy conversion.
Автор: Vinod Kumar Verma; Karel Katovsky Название: Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems ISBN: 9811075026 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811075025 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16769.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels, and discusses the applications of radiation, particularly spallation neutrons and gamma rays. The unspent nuclear fuel of a reactor amounts to roughly 95 per cent of the loaded fuel. It contains both fertile and fissile fuels, minor and higher actinides and radioactive fission products. In 2015, out of approximately 4 million metric tons of spent fuel, only 90,000 metric tons was reprocessed worldwide; the rest was either sent to repositories, kept for cooling down, or put on a waiting list for future reprocessing. With regard to the direct reutilization of spent nuclear fuel, the new technique of ‘Energy Amplifiers’ has attracted considerable attention among the nuclear energy community. Presenting extensive information on this technique, the book is divided into eight major sections: (i) spent nuclear fuel and alternative transmutation methods, (ii) general concept of accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADSS), (iii) spallation neutron sources and the possibility of incineration, (iv) requirements for nuclear data, (v) transmutation of spent nuclear fuel and extension of the fuel cycle, (vi) spallation neutron production facilities, (vii) major experimental facilities for ADSS, and (viii) software tools for the design and modelling of ADSS. The book is ideally suited as a textbook for graduate students as well as a reference guide for researchers and practitioners.
Enzymes are currently used in various industries, most commonly in food, detergents, and pharmaceuticals production. Lipases are hydrolytic enzymes that demonstrate great potential as an alternative to conventional catalysts in a number of industrial applications. A complete understanding of enzymes, and their proteins structure and environmental behavior, can greatly aid in the further development of industrial applications. Supercritical Fluids Technology in Lipase Catalized Processes provides basic information about enzymes, their sources, reaction kinetics, and main industrial applications. The book focuses in lipases. their main sources, structure, and features, with an emphasis on their specificity and interfacial activity, and presents proven techniques for isolating, extracting, and purifying.
Comprised of six compact chapters, this comprehensive guide introduces:
Immobilization techniques and immobilized lipases that allow repeated use (which is essential from an economic point of view)
Different bioreactor configurations using immobilized lipases
The latest information on the available technologies in lipolytic reactions
The advantages of nonaqueous media in biochemical synthesis over aqueous and solvent-free systems
Material on the use of lipases in nonaqueous media to overcome the drawbacks usually encountered with the use of conventional chemical catalysts
The use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) as a green alternative reaction medium
Factors affecting the physical properties of lipases in this medium and, hence, their activity and stability
A case study using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for biodiesel production
Novel, cutting-edge technology, using immobilized enzymes to reduce the overall production cost
Supercritical Fluids Technology in Lipase Catalized Processes outlines the main industrial applications of common enzymes and discusses relevant challenges and innovations emerging in the field.
Автор: J.R. Dean Название: Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis ISBN: 9401049513 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401049511 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13060.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The continued search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry.
Автор: Vijayan, Pallippattu Krishnan Название: Single-phase, Two-phase and Supercritical Natural Circulation Systems ISBN: 008102486X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780081024867 Издательство: Elsevier Science Рейтинг: Цена: 37897.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Single-phase, Two-phase and Supercritical Natural Circulation Systems brings together the latest research and knowledge into one unique reference and provides the reader with a deep understanding of natural circulation systems. This book will equip the reader with an understanding of how to detect unstable loops to ensure plant safety and reliability, calculate heat transport capabilities, and design effective natural circulation loops, stability maps and parallel channel systems.
Dr. Vijayan brings to this work a wealth of varied experience and knowledge, and adopts a very methodical, applied approach. Each chapter begins with an introduction of the circulation system, before discussing each element in detail and analyzing their effect on the performance of the system. He presents the use of thermosyphon heat transport devices in nuclear and other industrial plants, a common information need for students and researchers alike, and provides detailed discussion on how to calculate the effects of changing specific elements of a system. This book is invaluable for engineers, designers, operators and consultants in nuclear, mechanical, electrical and chemical disciplines.
Presents single-phase, two-phase and supercritical natural circulation systems together in one resource to fill an existing knowledge gap, aimed at the nuclear, mechanical and chemical engineering disciples
Guides the reader through relevant processes such as designing, analyzing and generating stability maps and natural circulation loops, calculating heat transport capabilities and maintaining natural circulation system operations
Includes global case studies and examples to increase understanding, as well as important IAEA standards and procedures
Автор: Y. Arai; T. Sako; Y. Takebayashi Название: Supercritical Fluids ISBN: 3540412484 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783540412489 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 22359.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume is part of the new Springer series in `Materials Processing`. It describes a new physical-chemical technology, the application of supercritical fluids in materials technology. The book appeals to process engineers, physicists, chemists, materials researchers and advanced students.
Автор: E. Kiran; Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers Название: Supercritical Fluids ISBN: 9048144272 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048144273 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 29488.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Bernard Zappoli; Daniel Beysens; Yves Garrabos Название: Heat Transfers and Related Effects in Supercritical Fluids ISBN: 9401791864 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401791861 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20896.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book investigates the unique hydrodynamics and heat transfer problems that are encountered in the vicinity of the critical point of fluids.
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