Leviathan and the Air-Pump examines the conflicts over the value and propriety of experimental methods between two major seventeenth-century thinkers: Thomas Hobbes, author of the political treatise Leviathan and vehement critic of systematic experimentation in natural philosophy, and Robert Boyle, mechanical philosopher and owner of the newly invented air-pump. The issues at stake in their disputes ranged from the physical integrity of the air-pump to the intellectual integrity of the knowledge it might yield. Both Boyle and Hobbes were looking for ways of establishing knowledge that did not decay into ad hominem attacks and political division. Boyle proposed the experiment as cure. He argued that facts should be manufactured by machines like the air-pump so that gentlemen could witness the experiments and produce knowledge that everyone agreed on. Hobbes, by contrast, looked for natural law and viewed experiments as the artificial, unreliable products of an exclusive guild.
The new approaches taken in Leviathan and the Air-Pump have been enormously influential on historical studies of science. Shapin and Schaffer found a moment of scientific revolution and showed how key scientific givens--facts, interpretations, experiment, truth--were fundamental to a new political order. Shapin and Schaffer were also innovative in their ethnographic approach. Attempting to understand the work habits, rituals, and social structures of a remote, unfamiliar group, they argued that politics were tied up in what scientists did, rather than what they said. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer use the confrontation between Hobbes and Boyle as a way of understanding what was at stake in the early history of scientific experimentation. They describe the protagonists' divergent views of natural knowledge, and situate the Hobbes-Boyle disputes within contemporary debates over the role of intellectuals in public life and the problems of social order and assent in Restoration England. In a new introduction, the authors describe how science and its social context were understood when this book was first published, and how the study of the history of science has changed since then.
Автор: Schaffer Название: Ellsworth Bunker ISBN: 1469615126 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781469615127 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 6653.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In this first biography of Ellsworth Bunker (1894-1984), Howard Schaffer traces the life of one of postwar America's foremost diplomats from his formative years as a successful businessman and lobbyist through a long career in international affairs.
Named ambassador to Argentina by Harry Truman in 1951, Bunker went on to serve six more presidents as ambassador to Italy, India, Nepal, and Vietnam and on special negotiating missions. A widely recognized "hawk," Bunker helped shape U.S. policy in Vietnam during his six-year Saigon posting. Using letters Bunker wrote to his wife as well as recently declassified messages he exchanged with Henry Kissinger, Schaffer examines how Bunker promoted the war effort and how he regarded his mission. After leaving Saigon on his seventy-ninth birthday, Bunker next became a key figure in the treaty negotiations, spanning three presidencies, that radically changed the operation and defense of the Panama Canal.
Highlighting Bunker's views on the craft of diplomacy, Schaffer paints a complex picture of a man who devoted three decades to international affairs and sheds new light on post-World War II American diplomacy.
This book is part of the ADST-DACOR Diplomats and Diplomacy Series, co-sponsored by the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training in Arlington, Virginia, and Diplomatic & Consular Officers, Retired, Inc., of Washington, D.C.
Автор: Schaffer Gavin Название: Vision of a Nation ISBN: 0230292976 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780230292970 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12157.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Telling the stories behind television`s approaches to race relations, multiculturalism and immigration in the `Golden Age` of British television, the book focuses on the 1960s and 1970s and argues that the makers of television worked tirelessly to shape multiculturalism and undermine racist extremism.
Описание: Featuring over thirty illustrations, Novel Craft illustrates the cultural and economic importance of handicrafts in Victorian novels by Gaskell, Dickens, Yonge, and Oliphant.
Автор: Schaffer Greg Название: Summer`s Drowning ISBN: 0991105222 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780991105229 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 1378.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Wenk Elizabeth, Schaffer Jeffrey Название: Top Trails Yosemite: 50 Must-Do Hikes for Everyone ISBN: 0899977839 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780899977836 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 3442.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: 50 Must-Do Hikes for Everyone. 2nd edition.
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