Blackness in Morocco: Gnawa Identity Through Music and Visual Culture, Becker Cynthia J.
Автор: Becker, Cynthia Название: Amazigh arts in morocco ISBN: 0292721374 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780292721371 Издательство: Wiley EDC Рейтинг: Цена: 3430.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
In southeastern Morocco, around the oasis of Tafilalet, the Ait Khabbash people weave brightly colored carpets, embroider indigo head coverings, paint their faces with saffron, and wear ornate jewelry. Their extraordinarily detailed arts are rich in cultural symbolism; they are always breathtakingly beautiful—and they are typically made by women. Like other Amazigh (Berber) groups (but in contrast to the Arab societies of North Africa), the Ait Khabbash have entrusted their artistic responsibilities to women. Cynthia Becker spent years in Morocco living among these women and, through family connections and female fellowship, achieved unprecedented access to the artistic rituals of the Ait Khabbash. The result is more than a stunning examination of the arts themselves, it is also an illumination of women's roles in Islamic North Africa and the many ways in which women negotiate complex social and religious issues.
One of the reasons Amazigh women are artists is that the arts are expressions of ethnic identity, and it follows that the guardians of Amazigh identity ought to be those who literally ensure its continuation from generation to generation, the Amazigh women. Not surprisingly, the arts are visual expressions of womanhood, and fertility symbols are prevalent. Controlling the visual symbols of Amazigh identity has given these women power and prestige. Their clothing, tattoos, and jewelry are public identity statements; such public artistic expressions contrast with the stereotype that women in the Islamic world are secluded and veiled. But their role as public identity symbols can also be restrictive, and history (French colonialism, the subsequent rise of an Arab-dominated government in Morocco, and the recent emergence of a transnational Berber movement) has forced Ait Khabbash women to adapt their arts as their people adapt to the contemporary world. By framing Amazigh arts with historical and cultural context, Cynthia Becker allows the reader to see the full measure of these fascinating artworks.
Описание: A groundbreaking study of Blackness in Morocco through the lens of visual representation For more than thirteen centuries, caravans transported millions of enslaved people from Africa south of the Sahara into what is now the Kingdom of Morocco. Today there are no museums, plaques, or monuments that recognize this history of enslavement, but enslaved people and their descendants created the Gnawa identity that preserves this largely suppressed heritage. This pioneering book describes how Gnawa emerged as a practice associated with Blackness and enslavement by reviewing visual representation and musical traditions from the late nineteenth century to the present. Cynthia J. Becker addresses the historical consciousness of subaltern groups and how they give Blackness material form through modes of dress, visual art, religious ceremonies, and musical instruments in performance. She examines what it means to self-identify as Black in Morocco (a country typically associated with the Middle East and the Arab world), especially during this time of increased contemporary African migration, which has made Blackness even more visible. Her case studies draw on archival material and on her extended research in the city of Essaouira, site of the wildly popular Gnawa World Music Festival. Becker shows that Gnawa spirit possession ceremonies express the marginalization associated with enslavement and allow these unique communities to move toward healing, even as the mass-marketing of Gnawa music has resulted in some Gnawa practitioners engaging Blackness to claim legitimacy and spiritual power. This book challenges the framing of Africa’s cultural history into “sub-Saharan” versus “North African” or Islamic versus non-Islamic categories. Blackness in Morocco complicates how we think about the institution of slavery and its impact on North African religious and social institutions, and readers will better understand and appreciate the role of Africans in shaping global forces, including religious institutions such as Islam.
Автор: Becker John T., Awasom Innocent, Henry Cynthia Название: Cotton on the South Plains ISBN: 1531664695 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781531664695 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 4413.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Lafayette Head, a simple Missouri boy, was one of Colorado's first Anglo residents. He fought in the Mexican-American War in 1846 and decided to stay in New Mexico Territory; but soon he moved to the future Colorado. He fought in the Taos Revolt of 1848 and in the Ute Indian War of 1855. He was involved with the Mexidan Conejos Land Grant of over two million acres, started the first church in Colorado, dug the second earliest irrigation ditch, built the second flour mill in the state and was a U.S. Marshall for three years.
"Lafe" as he was known to his friends, served as a Tabeguache Indian Agent for nine years, as well as an Agent for the Jicarilla Apache. He made three trips to Washington with these Native Americans to meet with various Presidents and served as a Ute interpreter, as he spoke fluent Spanish and Ute, as well as educated English. His close friends included Kit Carson, Cerran St. Vrain, "Uncle" Dick Wooton, Albert Pfieffer, William Becknell and several early Colorado Governors. He served for several years each in the New Mexico and Colorado Territorial legislatures and the Constituional Convention of Colorado. He was elected the first Lt. Governor of the State of Colorado. He wrote several sections of the Colorado State Constitution and had one of the largest and most successful ranches, farms, and flour mills in the San Luis Valley.
Cynthia Becker and P. David Smith co-authored the award winning book Chipeta, Queen of the Utes and both authored additional books on Ute history. Lafayette Head was started by Cynthis Becker to give another side of their story, but Cynthia died after writing about half of this book. P. David Smith was glad to take on the project and finish the book. Lafayette was not only the Indian for the Tabaguache Utes for nine years during perhaps the most critical time in their history; bu, although an Anglo, he was also the primary leader of the Mexican-American community in the San Luis Valley for almost forty years. Smith and Becker have therefore added new information they have discovered on the Utes since writing their previous books and added a new twist by showing the complicated relationship between the Mexican-American farmers and ranchers moving into the San Luis Valley (the Utes favorite hunting area), the severelly mistreated Ute Indians, and U.S. and Colorado government officials, who badly ignored both.
So why have most Coloradoans never heard of Lafayette Head? It was because he was a very humble man who chose the Mexican-Americans of "Southern Colorado" as his people, respected them, and treated them well; and also chose to be a farmer and rancher instead of being a wealthy mine owner.
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