Manual of the Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi, Order Franciscans Third
Автор: Clark Anthony E. Название: Heaven in Conflict: Franciscans and the Boxer Uprising in Shanxi ISBN: 0295994010 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780295994017 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 4389.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
One of the most violent episodes of China�s Boxer Uprising was the Taiyuan Massacre of 1900, in which rebels killed foreign missionaries and thousands of Chinese Christians. This first sustained scholarly account of the uprising to focus on Shanxi Province illuminates the religious and cultural beliefs on both sides of the conflict and shows how they came to clash.
Although Franciscans were the first Catholics to settle in China, their stories have rarely been explored in accounts of Chinese Christianity. Anthony Clark remedies that exclusion and highlights the roles of Franciscan nuns and their counterparts among the Boxers�the Red Lantern girls�to argue that women�s involvement was integral on both sides of the conflict. Drawing on rich archival records and intertwining religious history with political, cultural, and environmental factors, Clark provides a fresh perspective on a pivotal encounter between China and the West.
Автор: Altrocchi Julia Cooley Название: The Spectacular San Franciscans ISBN: 1258279002 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781258279004 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 7348.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Royer Fanchon Название: The Franciscans Came First ISBN: 1258276712 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781258276713 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 5508.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
A study of three hundred years of medieval Franciscan history that focuses on martyrdom While hagiographies tell of Christian martyrs who have died in an astonishing number of ways and places, slain by members of many different groups, martyrdom in a Franciscan context generally meant death at Muslim hands; indeed, in Franciscan discourse, "death by Saracen" came to rival or even surpass other definitions of what made a martyr. The centrality of Islam to Franciscan conceptions of martyrdom becomes even more apparent—and problematic—when we realize that many of the martyr narratives were largely invented. Franciscan authors were free to choose the antagonist they wanted, Christopher MacEvitt observes, and they almost always chose Muslims. However, martyrdom in Franciscan accounts rarely leads to conversion of the infidel, nor is it accompanied, as is so often the case in earlier hagiographical accounts, by any miraculous manifestation. If the importance of preaching to infidels was written into the official Franciscan Rule of Order, the Order did not demonstrate much interest in conversion, and the primary efforts of friars in Muslim lands were devoted to preaching not to the native populations but to the Latin Christians—mercenaries, merchants, and captives—living there. Franciscan attitudes toward conversion and martyrdom changed dramatically in the beginning of the fourteenth century, however, when accounts of the martyrdom of four Franciscans said to have died while preaching in India were written. The speed with which the accounts of their martyrdom spread had less to do with the world beyond Christendom than with ecclesiastical affairs within, MacEvitt contends. The Martyrdom of the Franciscans shows how, for Franciscans, martyrdom accounts could at once offer veiled critique of papal policies toward the Order, a substitute for the rigorous pursuit of poverty, and a symbolic way to overcome Islam by denying Muslims the solace of conversion.
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