Описание: Chapter 1. IntroductionThe chapter begins with a brief history of climate change and population displacement, starting with the migration of proto-humans from the trees to the savannas to the mass migration out of Africa, to the mass migration of Europeans during the Little Ice Age between the 16th and 19th centuries that led to poor crop production, famine, disease, and social conflict. The chapter then moves forward to the present day to briefly describe changes in climate that have attributed to human activity, including warming temperatures, rising sea levels, global distribution of regions of increased and decreased precipitation, and ocean acidification, as well as the two major forms of migration that are consequences of these climate changes: that which is caused by natural disasters and that which is due to long-term changes in climate. The remainder of the chapter focuses on the aims and organization of the book. The remaining chapters are organized into three parts. Part A includes three chapters that provide case illustrations of displacement resulting from natural disasters. A chapter each is devoted to displacement of residents from New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, residents of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria in 2017, and residents of Northern California after the devastating wildfires in 2017. Part B includes three chapters that provide illustrations of displacement resulting from long-term changes in environment due to climate change. A chapter each is devoted to displacement of populations from the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa due to prolonged drought; from South Asia and the Pacific Rim due to prolonged flooding and sea level rise, and from coastal communities in the United States. Part C includes two chapters focused on policy and practice responses to climate-related displacement and a concluding chapter that describes potential strategies for preventing, managing, and mitigating climate-related population displacement and its effects through the development and maintenance of partnerships involving academics, policymakers, service providers, communities, and climate refugees themselves. Chapter 2. Katrina and New OrleansThis chapter begins with a recounting of Hurricane Katrina and City of New Orleans, Louisiana in 2005. It examines why so many residents were forced to relocate to other communities such as Houston and Atlanta and the impact of this relocation on the migrants themselves, the City of New Orleans, and the communities that hosted them. An estimated 1.5 million people living along the Gulf Coast were displaced as a result of the hurricane. Many of the former residents of New Orleans experienced mental and behavioral health problems and social isolation due to separation from family and friends. Interviews with former residents of New Orleans living in Houston will be used to illustrate how the trauma experienced by Katrina was exacerbated by the more recent experience of Hurricane Harvey. The population of New Orleans declined from 484,000 to 344,000 in the year after Katrina. Host cities such as Houston experienced a severe strain on resources as they were challenged with finding adequate housing, services, and schooling for the new residents. This resulted in tension between established residents and new arrivals. Chapter 3. Maria and Puerto RicoThis chapter describes the Category 5 hurricane that struck Puerto Rico and the islands of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean, beginning on September 6, 2017. It examines the destruction of Puerto Rico's infrastructure and disruption of the economy and follows the migration of island residents to the United States mainland. It is currently estimated that as many as 200,000 Puerto Ricans will leave the island (Marketplace, Sept 17, 2017, https: //www.marketplace.org/2017
International treaties, conventions, and organizations to protect refugees were established in the aftermath of World War II to protect people escaping targeted persecution by their own governments. However, the nature of cross-border displacement has transformed dramatically since then. Such threats as environmental change, food insecurity, and generalized violence force massive numbers of people to flee states that are unable or unwilling to ensure their basic rights, as do conditions in failed and fragile states that make possible human rights deprivations. Because these reasons do not meet the legal understanding of persecution, the victims of these circumstances are not usually recognized as "refugees," preventing current institutions from ensuring their protection.In this book, Alexander Betts develops the concept of "survival migration" to highlight the crisis in which these people find themselves. Examining flight from three of the most fragile states in Africa—Zimbabwe, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Somalia—Betts explains variation in institutional responses across the neighboring host states. There is massive inconsistency. Some survival migrants are offered asylum as refugees; others are rounded up, detained, and deported, often in brutal conditions. The inadequacies of the current refugee regime are a disaster for human rights and gravely threaten international security. In Survival Migration, Betts outlines these failings, illustrates the enormous human suffering that results, and argues strongly for an expansion of protected categories.
Автор: Magdalena Suerbaum, Suerbaum Название: Masculinities and displacement in the middle east ISBN: 1838604049 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781838604042 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 15840.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Following the outbreak of the Syrian uprising in 2011, many Syrians fled to Egypt. This ethnographic study traces Syrian men's struggles in Cairo: their experiences in the Egyptian labour market and efforts to avoid unemployment; their ambitions to prove their 'groomability' in front of potential in-laws in order to get married; and their discontent with being assigned the label 'refugee'. The book reveals the strategies these men use to maintain their identity as the 'respectable Syrian middle-class man' - including engaging in processes of 'Othering' and the creation of hierarchies - and Magdalena Suerbaum explains why this proved so much more difficult for them after Morsi was toppled in 2013.
Based on in-depth interviews, conversations and long-term participant observations, Suerbaum identifies Syrian men's emotional struggles as they undergo the experience of forced displacement and she highlights the adaptability and ultimate elasticity of constructed masculinities. The Syrians interviewed share their memories and their understandings of sectarianism and growing up in Syria, their interactions with the Egyptian and Syrian states, and their experiences during the Syrian uprising. The book takes an intersectional approach with close attention to the 'refugee' as a classed and gendered person.
Описание: The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Displacement and Migration will provide a state-of-the-science review of research on how environmental variability and change influence current and future global migration patterns and possibly trigger large-scale population displacements.
Описание: Development-caused forced displacement and involuntary resettlement has increased exponentially in recent years. This book challenges existing weak policies and dysfunctional practices, and proposes a robust set of solutions to improve the performance of resettlement policies and to tackle injustices and violations.
Описание: This book offers an in-depth case study on the leading international refugee agency, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and its approach to environmentally displaced persons.
The “migration-displacement nexus” is a new concept intended to capture the complex and dynamic interactions between voluntary and forced migration, both internally and internationally. Besides elaborating a new concept, this volume has three main purposes: the first is to focus empirical attention on previously understudied topics, such as internal trafficking and the displacement of foreign nationals, using case studies including Afghanistan and Iraq; the second is to highlight new challenges, including urban displacement and the effects of climate change; and the third is to explore gaps in current policy responses and elaborate alternatives for the future.
Описание: Issues of displacement and dispossession have become defining characteristics of a globalised 21st century. People are moving within and across national borders, whether displaced, relocated or moving in search of better livelihoods. This book brings theoretical understandings of migration and displacement together with empirical illustrations of the creative, cultural ways in which communities reflect upon their experiences of change, and how they respond, including through poetry and story-telling, photography and other art forms, exploring the scope for building communities of solidarity and social justice. The concluding chapters identify potential implications for policy and professional practice to promote communities of solidarity, addressing the structural causes of widening inequalities, taking account of different interests, including those related to social class, gender, ethnicity, age, ability and faith.
Автор: Simonelli, Andrea C. Graycar, Adam F. Название: Governing climate induced migration and displacement ISBN: 1137538651 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137538659 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 11179.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Andrea Simonelli provides the first in-depth evaluation of climate displacement in the field of political science, specifically global governance. She evaluates four intergovernmental organizations (UNHCR, IOM, OCHA and the UNFCCC), and the structural and political constraints regarding their potential expansion to govern this new issue area.
At first glance, the U.S. decision to escalate the war in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, China's position on North Korea's nuclear program in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the EU resolution to lift what remained of the arms embargo against Libya in the mid-2000s would appear to share little in common. Yet each of these seemingly unconnected and far-reaching foreign policy decisions resulted at least in part from the exercise of a unique kind of coercion, one predicated on the intentional creation, manipulation, and exploitation of real or threatened mass population movements. In Weapons of Mass Migration, Kelly M. Greenhill offers the first systematic examination of this widely deployed but largely unrecognized instrument of state influence. She shows both how often this unorthodox brand of coercion has been attempted (more than fifty times in the last half century) and how successful it has been (well over half the time). She also tackles the questions of who employs this policy tool, to what ends, and how and why it ever works.
Coercers aim to affect target states' behavior by exploiting the existence of competing political interests and groups, Greenhill argues, and by manipulating the costs or risks imposed on target state populations. This "coercion by punishment" strategy can be effected in two ways: the first relies on straightforward threats to overwhelm a target's capacity to accommodate a refugee or migrant influx; the second, on a kind of norms-enhanced political blackmail that exploits the existence of legal and normative commitments to those fleeing violence, persecution, or privation. The theory is further illustrated and tested in a variety of case studies from Europe, East Asia, and North America. To help potential targets better respond to-and protect themselves against-this kind of unconventional predation, Weapons of Mass Migration also offers practicable policy recommendations for scholars, government officials, and anyone concerned about the true victims of this kind of coercion—the displaced themselves.
Ethnic Cleansingis about the various forms of population displacement, from migration and ethnic cleansing to violent removals and expulsions, which may end up in genocide.
It also shows how amidst displacement, the Jewish people have developed a millennial culture of survival.
This volume covers the experience of population displacement in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, where the most renowned cases of migration and ethnic cleansing have happened under different regimes and in various cultures along the history of mankind.
Today the author is also concerned with the plight of the Rohingyarefugees from Myanmar living in Bangladeshand the perennial Palestinian refugee problem.
Raphael Israeli has taught Islamic, Chinese, and Middle Eastern history at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. A graduate of Hebrew University in history and Arabic literature, he earned a Ph.D. in Chinese and Islamic history from the University of California, Berkeley. Now retired, he has been a Fellow of the Harry Truman Research Institute at Hebrew University and the Jerusalem Center since the 1970s, and is the author of over 50 research books, a dozen edited books, and 100 scholarly articles about Islam. Born in Fes, Morocco, at fourteen, "I left my family when I could no longer bear the oppression of Jews in an Islamic country and moved to fledgling Israel. To this day, I consider that the wisest and most game-changing decision I took in my life."
Автор: Grabska Название: Forced Displacement ISBN: 0230522254 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780230522251 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Uprootedness, exile and forced displacement, be they due to conflict, persecution or so-called `development`, are conditions which characterise the lives of millions across the globe. This book analyses a range of displacement situations, including development `oustees`, refugees and internally displaced persons.
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