Contrary to common intuition that all digits should occur randomly with equal chances in real data, empirical examinations consistently show that not all digits are created equal, but rather that low digits such as {1, 2, 3} occur much more frequently than high digits such as {7, 8, 9} in almost all data types, such as those relating to geology, chemistry, astronomy, physics, and engineering, as well as in accounting, financial, econometrics, and demographics data sets. This intriguing digital phenomenon is known as Benford's Law.
This book gives a comprehensive and in-depth account of all the theoretical aspects, results, causes and explanations of Benford's Law, with a strong emphasis on the connection to real-life data and the physical manifestation of the law. In addition to such a bird's eye view of the digital phenomenon, the conceptual distinctions between digits, numbers, and quantities are explored; leading to the key finding that the phenomenon is actually quantitative in nature; originating from the fact that in extreme generality, nature creates many small quantities but very few big quantities, corroborating the motto "small is beautiful," and that therefore all this is applicable just as well to data written in the ancient Roman, Mayan, Egyptian, and other digit-less civilizations.
Fraudsters are typically not aware of this digital pattern and tend to invent numbers with approximately equal digital frequencies. The digital analyst can easily check reported data for compliance with this digital law, enabling the detection of tax evasion, Ponzi schemes, and other financial scams. The forensic fraud detection section in this book is written in a very concise and reader-friendly style; gathering all known methods and standards in the accounting and auditing industry; summarizing and fusing them into a singular coherent whole; and can be understood without deep knowledge in statistical theory or advanced mathematics. In addition, a digital algorithm is presented, enabling the auditor to detect fraud even when the sophisticated cheater is aware of the law and invents numbers accordingly. The algorithm employs a subtle inner digital pattern within the Benford's pattern itself. This newly discovered pattern is deemed to be nearly universal, being even more prevalent than the Benford phenomenon, as it is found in all random data sets, Benford as well as non-Benford types.
Описание: Contrary to common intuition that all digits should occur randomly with equal chances in real data, empirical examinations consistently show that not all digits are created equal, but rather that low digits such as {1, 2, 3} occur much more frequently than high digits such as {7, 8, 9} in almost all data types
Описание: This book addresses the impacts of various types of services such as infrastructure, platforms, software, and business processes that cloud computing and Big Data have introduced into business.
Автор: Zin Название: Big Data Analysis and Deep Learning Applications ISBN: 9811308683 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811308680 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 25155.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Big data analysis.- Machine learning and applications.- Monitoring system by using image processing.- Conventional neural networks and its applications.- Information and communication.- Industrial information systems and applications.
Название: Complex Analysis with Applications ISBN: 3319940627 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319940625 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Widely used graphics clarify both concrete and abstract concepts, helping students visualize the proofs of many results. Freely accessible solutions to every-other-odd exercise are posted to the book`s Springer website.
This book addresses the impacts of various types of services such as infrastructure, platforms, software, and business processes that cloud computing and Big Data have introduced into business. Featuring chapters which discuss effective and efficient approaches in dealing with the inherent complexity and increasing demands in data science, a variety of application domains are covered. Various case studies by data management and analysis experts are presented in these chapters. Covered applications include banking, social networks, bioinformatics, healthcare, transportation and criminology. Highlighting the Importance of Big Data Management and Analysis for Various Applications will provide the reader with an understanding of how data management and analysis are adapted to these applications. This book will appeal to researchers and professionals in the field.
Автор: Mehmet Kaya; Jalal Kawash; Suheil Khoury; Min-Yuh Название: Social Network Based Big Data Analysis and Applications ISBN: 3030086399 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030086398 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12577.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
This book is a timely collection of chapters that present the state of the art within the analysis and application of big data. Working within the broader context of big data, this text focuses on the hot topics of social network modelling and analysis such as online dating recommendations, hiring practices, and subscription-type prediction in mobile phone services. Manuscripts are expanded versions of the best papers presented at the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM’2016), which was held in August 2016. The papers were among the best featured at the meeting and were then improved and extended substantially. Social Network Based Big Data Analysis and Applications will appeal to students and researchers in the field.
Автор: Nuno Pina; Janusz Kacprzyk; Joaquim Filipe Название: Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications ISBN: 364234335X ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642343353 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16979.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book contains papers from the First International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, SIMULTECH 2011, held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Автор: Huchang Liao; Zeshui Xu Название: Hesitant Fuzzy Decision Making Methodologies and Applications ISBN: 9811032645 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811032646 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16769.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Preface.- 1 Hesitant Fuzzy Set and Its Extensions.- 2 Novel Correlation and Entropy Measures for Hesitant Fuzzy Set.- 3 Multiple Criteria Decision Making with Hesitant Fuzzy Hybrid Weighted Aggregation Operators.- 4 Hesitant Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making with Complete Weight Information.- 5 Hesitant Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making with Incomplete Weights.- 6 Decision Making with Hesitant Fuzzy Preference Relation.
Автор: Spyretta Golemati; Konstantina S. Nikita Название: Cardiovascular Computing - Methodologies and Clinical Applications ISBN: 9811050910 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811050916 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 19564.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book provides a comprehensive guide to the state-of-the-art in cardiovascular computing and highlights novel directions and challenges in this constantly evolving multidisciplinary field. The topics covered span a wide range of methods and clinical applications of cardiovascular computing, including advanced technologies for the acquisition and analysis of signals and images, cardiovascular informatics, and mathematical and computational modeling.
Автор: Antonio Sforza; Claudio Sterle Название: Optimization and Decision Science: Methodologies and Applications ISBN: 3319673076 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319673073 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 25155.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This proceedings volume highlights the state-of-the-art knowledge related to optimization, decisions science and problem solving methods, as well as their application in industrial and territorial systems. The chapter topics are applicable for researchers and practitioners working in these areas, but also for the operations research community.
Описание: This book integrates the type-2 fuzzy sets and multiple criteria decision making analysis in recent years and offers an authoritative treatise on the essential topics, both at the theoretical and applied end. In this book, some basic theory, type-2 fuzzy sets, methodology, algorithms, are introduced and then some compelling case studies in decision problems are covered in depth. The authors offer an authoritative treatise on the essential topics, both at the theoretical and applied end; In a systematic and logically organized way, the book exposes the reader to the essentials of the theory of type-2 fuzzy sets, methodology, algorithms, and their applications. Numerous techniques of decision making are carefully generalized by bringing the ideas of type-2 fuzzy sets; this concerns well-known methods including TOPSIS, Analytical Network Process, TODIM, and VIKOR. This book exposes the readers to the essentials of the theory of type-2 fuzzy sets, methodology, algorithms, and theirapplications.
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