Описание: This study assesses the potential for job creation through infrastructure investment in the Middle East and North Africa. The region has experience in making the most of infrastructure investments, but maintaining and spreading the momentum in infrastructure will be important to support future growth and job creation. To do so, policymakers will have to recognize that there are large differences in initial conditions across the region in terms of starting stock, needs, fiscal commitments, private sector participation and job creation potential. Overall, the region’s infrastructure needs through 2020 are quite large and estimated at about 106 billion dollars per year or 6.9 percent of the annual regional GDP. The differences in infrastructure and maintenance needs across sub-regions are also impressive, with developing oil exporters expected to require almost 11 percent of their GDP annually, while the oil importing countries and the GCC oil exporters expected to need approximately 6 and 5 percent of their GDP, respectively. Investment and rehabilitation needs are likely to be especially high in the electricity and transport sectors, particularly roads. Rehabilitation needs are expected to account for slightly more than half of total infrastructure needs. While oil exporters will be able to meet their national infrastructure needs if they maintain investment spending at rates prevailing in the 2000s, oil importers will fall short. The infrastructure sector has the potential to contribute to employment creation in MENA. The region could generate 2.0 million direct jobs and 2.5 million direct, indirect and induced infrastructure-related jobs just by meeting estimated, annual investment needs. However, the potential varies greatly across countries, and infrastructure alone will not resolve MENA’s unemployment problem. Going forward, decisions on what types of public spending to expand and what to downsize in order to achieve balanced budgets will have important implications for jobs. In designing country specific solutions, governments will have to tackle predictable challenges: the governance of job creation, the proper targeting and fiscal costs assessment of subsidies needed to create jobs, the design and fiscal costs of the (re)training programs needed and the expectations on the job creation effects of infrastructure.
Автор: Kelly Hugh Название: 24 Hour Cities ISBN: 1138805114 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138805118 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7654.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
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Winner of the Gold Award in the Tenth Annual Robert Bruss Real Estate Book Competition
24 Hour Cities is the very first full length book about America's cities that never sleep. Over the last fifty years, the nation's top live-work-play cities have proven themselves more than just vibrant urban environments for the elite. They are attracting a cross-section of the population from across the U.S. and are preferred destinations for immigrants of all income strata. This is creating a virtuous circle wherein economic growth enhances property values, stronger real estate markets sustain more reliable tax bases, and solid municipal revenues pay for better services that further attract businesses and talented individuals.
Yet, just a generation ago, cities like New York, Boston, Washington, San Francisco, and Miami were broke (financially and physically), scarred by violence, and prime examples of urban dysfunction. How did the turnaround happen? And why are other cities still stuck with the hollow downtowns and sprawling suburbs that make for a 9-to-5 urban configuration? Hugh Kelly's cross-disciplinary research identifies the ingredients of success, and the recipe that puts them together.
Описание: This report is an important resource to explore critical and emerging policy opportunities to realize urban sustainability for the Asian and Pacific region. It informs policies and actions from a sustainable development perspective, putting cities at the centre of development policy debates. It identifies future policy pathways for urban decision makers and stakeholders to reimagine the built and natural environments in Asian and Pacific cities and offers policy solutions across different types of cities to achieve the global development agendas. The solutions address four major development challenges – natural resource management, climate change, disaster risk and inequalities – through a focus on the key means of implementation to accelerate the achievement of the 2030 Agenda.
Автор: Peppercorn & Taffin Название: Rental Housing ISBN: 0821396552 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780821396551 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 3465.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The vast majority of rental housing around the world is unsubsidized and in private hands. Everywhere there are great needs for safe, decent, and affordable housing at the lowest income levels. A few countries-mostly developed ones-have a sizable social rental sector, yet even here the demand cannot be met and there are often long waiting lists for subsidized housing in the main cities. In most emerging economies, the only affordable rentals available are in the informal sector, with poor housing conditions and little security of tenure. This book is an effort to bring rental housing to the forefront of the housing agenda of countries around the world and to provide general guidance for policy makers whose actions can have an effect on where and how people live. It warns of the challenges they face and provides guidelines on how to develop or redevelop a sound rental sector. In doing so, it can enable key players in housing markets-be they government officials, private rental property owners, financiers and nongovernmental organizations-to add rental housing as a critical housing option and to have an informed discussion on how best to stimulate this sector.|Police reform in countries in transition from state socialism toward more democratic forms of governance has risen to prominence in recent years. Reforming policing systems that served primarily to protect the party-states from their opponents into systems that serve and protect civic society has come to be seen as an essential prerequisite and concomitant of the democratization process in transitional countries. This book describes what has happened to the policing systems in fourteen countries in central and eastern Europe; what reforms in ideology, organization, policies and practices have been undertaken; what has changed in the way policing is accomplished; and an assessment of whether the policing system has moved closer toward democratic policing. As such, it provides a comparative overview of what has been achieved since 1989. <br><br> <i>Marina Caparini</i> is senior fellow at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. <i>Otwin Marenin</i> is professor in the Department of Political Science/Criminal Justice, Washington State University.
Автор: Lall Somik Vinay, Henderson J. Vernon, Venables Anthony J. Название: Africa`s Cities: Opening Doors to the World ISBN: 1464810443 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464810442 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 4389.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing rapid population growth. Yet their economic growth has not kept pace. Why? One factor might be low capital investment, due in part to Africa's relative poverty: Other regions have reached similar stages of urbanization at higher per capita GDP. This study, however, identifies a deeper reason: African cities are closed to the world. Compared with other developing cities, cities in Africa produce few goods and services for trade on regional and international markets To grow economically as they are growing in size, Africa's cities must open their doors to the world. They need to specialize in manufacturing, along with other regionally and globally tradable goods and services. And to attract global investment in tradables production, cities must develop scale economies, which are associated with successful urban economic development in other regions. Such scale economies can arise in Africa, and they will--if city and country leaders make concerted efforts to bring agglomeration effects to urban areas. Today, potential urban investors and entrepreneurs look at Africa and see crowded, disconnected, and costly cities. Such cities inspire low expectations for the scale of urban production and for returns on invested capital. How can these cities become economically dense--not merely crowded? How can they acquire efficient connections? And how can they draw firms and skilled workers with a more affordable, livable urban environment? From a policy standpoint, the answer must be to address the structural problems affecting African cities. Foremost among these problems are institutional and regulatory constraints that misallocate land and labor, fragment physical development, and limit productivity. As long as African cities lack functioning land markets and regulations and early, coordinated infrastructure investments, they will remain local cities: closed to regional and global markets, trapped into producing only locally traded goods and services, and limited in their economic growth.
Автор: The World Bank Название: From Oil to Cities: Nigeria`s Next Transformation ISBN: 1464807922 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464807923 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 5010.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The Nigeria Urbanization Review serves the critical and timely purpose of understanding the challenges and opportunities of urbanization in Nigeria. The country's rapid urban population growth and expansion is examined in relation to the account of its recent urban economic growth in order to seek for ways to finance urban development, particularly the provision of urban public goods and services. The objective of this analytical program is to provide diagnostic tools to inform policy dialogue and investment priorities on urbanization. This report serves the critical and timely purpose of focusing attention on the challenges and opportunities of urbanization in Nigeria. The executive summary at the front summarizes the key trends of Nigeria's urbanization and sets out a framework to structure core urban challenges in view of underlying causes. Detailed analyses follow in the subsequent four chapters. In Chapter 1, the dynamics of Nigeria's urbanization process are presented, with particular attention to the country's rapid urban population growth, the very large-scale urban expansion, and the stubborn persistence of high levels of urban poverty, inequality and regional disparity. Chapter 2 provides an account of Nigeria's recent urban economic growth, in view of the nature of the concentration of economic activity across the country's states and cities, and of the limited performance of urban and regional economies in generating higher levels of employment and improving business climates. Chapter 3 turns to description and assessment of land management, urban planning and housing provision procedures and systems, which face a variety of challenges with regard to costs, affordability, capacity, equity and efficiency. Finally, Chapter 4 deals with the financing of urban development, particularly the provision of urban public goods and services, which is in need of both substantial finance and institutional and systemic improvements and reform.
Описание: Homelessness in America`s cities remains an intractable and growing problem. Challenges facing the homeless today the same as in years past: poverty, tenuous ties to family, debilitating health issues, and substance abuse. These essays cover case studies, innovations, practices and policies of municipalities coping with homelessness today.
Автор: Obeng-Odoom Название: Oiling the Urban Economy ISBN: 1138626074 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138626072 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 6736.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
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This book presents a critical analysis of the 'resource curse' doctrine and a review of the international evidence on oil and urban development to examine the role of oil on property development and rights in West Africa's new oil metropolis - Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. It seeks answers to the following questions: In what ways did the city come into existence? What changes to property rights are oil prospecting, explorations, and production introducing in the 21st century? How do the effects vary across different social classes and spectrums? To what extent are local and national institutions able to shape, restrain, and constrain trans-national oil-related accumulation and its effects on property in land, property in housing (residential, leisure, and commercial), and property in labour? How do these processes connect with the entire urban system in Ghana?
This book shows how institutions of varying degrees of power interact to govern land, housing, and labour in the city, and analyses how efficient, sustainable, and equitable the outcomes of these interactions are. It is a comprehensive account of the tensions and contradictions in the main sectors of the urban economy, society, and environment in the booming Oil City and will be of interest to urban economists, development economists, real estate economists, Africanists and urbanists.
Автор: Elisa Muzzini, Beatriz Eraso Puig, Sebastian Anapolsky, Tara Lonnberg, Viviana C. Mora Название: Leveraging the Potential of Argentine Cities: A Framework for Policy Action ISBN: 1464808406 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464808401 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 6264.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Argentina is one of the most urbanized countries in Latin America. Its path to economic prosperity is through efficient, sustainable and economically thriving cities. This book provides a conceptual framework, empirical data, and strategic directions for leveraging the potential of Argentine cities.
Название: GrEEEN Solutions for Livable Cities ISBN: 9292573500 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789292573508 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 4264.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: GrEEEn Solutions for Livable Cities is the result of a 2-year innovative, exploratory, and reflective study of cities as unique urban spaces that support life, work, and play. It responds to major issues that affect the quality of life of urban residents. This publication offers practical ways on how urban managers, urban practitioners, businesspeople, and citizens can engage to make cities more livable by building on their distinctive physical, social, cultural, and economic characteristics.
Название: Global Perspectives in Urban Law ISBN: 0815372272 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780815372271 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 22202.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume offers diverse insights into urban law, with emerging theories and analyses of topics ranging from criminal reform and urban housing, social and economic inequality and financial crises, and democratization and freedom for individual identity and space.
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