Ufa Films Incorporated Plaintiff Against Ufa Eastern Division Distribution Inc., National Surety Company and David Brill Defendants, Richter Banzhaf &.
Описание: A collection of essays that focus on physical illness as the natural end result of long term unresolved emotional trauma.
Автор: Banzhaf Wolfgang, Yamamoto Lidia Название: Artificial Chemistries ISBN: 026202943X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262029438 Издательство: MIT Press Рейтинг: Цена: 11004.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание:
An introduction to the fundamental concepts of the emerging field of Artificial Chemistries, covering both theory and practical applications.
The field of Artificial Life (ALife) is now firmly established in the scientific world, but it has yet to achieve one of its original goals: an understanding of the emergence of life on Earth. The new field of Artificial Chemistries draws from chemistry, biology, computer science, mathematics, and other disciplines to work toward that goal. For if, as it has been argued, life emerged from primitive, prebiotic forms of self-organization, then studying models of chemical reaction systems could bring ALife closer to understanding the origins of life. In Artificial Chemistries (ACs), the emphasis is on creating new interactions rather than new materials. The results can be found both in the virtual world, in certain multiagent systems, and in the physical world, in new (artificial) reaction systems. This book offers an introduction to the fundamental concepts of ACs, covering both theory and practical applications.
After a general overview of the field and its methodology, the book reviews important aspects of biology, including basic mechanisms of evolution; discusses examples of ACs drawn from the literature; considers fundamental questions of how order can emerge, emphasizing the concept of chemical organization (a closed and self-maintaining set of chemicals); and surveys a range of applications, which include computing, systems modeling in biology, and synthetic life. An appendix provides a Python toolkit for implementing ACs.
Автор: Banzhaf Spencer Название: The Political Economy of Environmental Justice ISBN: 0804780617 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780804780612 Издательство: Wiley EDC Рейтинг: Цена: 11326.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
The environmental justice literature convincingly shows that poor people and minorities live in more polluted neighborhoods than do other groups. These findings have sparked a broad activist movement, numerous local lawsuits, and several federal policy reforms.
Despite the importance of environmental justice, the topic has received little attention from economists. And yet, economists have much to contribute, as several explanations for the correlation between pollution and marginalized citizens rely on market mechanisms. Understanding the role of these mechanisms is crucial to designing policy remedies, for each lends itself to a different interpretation to the locus of injustices. Moreover, the different mechanisms have varied implications for the efficacy of policy responses—and who gains and loses from them.
In the first book-length examination of environmental justice from the perspective of economics, a cast of top contributors evaluates why underprivileged citizens are overexposed to toxic environments and what policy can do to help. While the text engages economic methods, it is written for an interdisciplinary audience.
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