Описание: Fundamental Background
CH01. Engineering of nanomaterials
This chapter introduces the basic background required to understand the behavior of materials at the nanometer scale and the various classes of nanomaterials with wide variety of applications. The important topics to be included: introduction to various classes of nanomaterials, including both inorganic and organic constituents; synthesis/fabrication of nanomaterials, including both chemical and physical process; characterization of nanomaterials, including x-ray diffraction techniques, scanning probe microscopy and electron microscopy; and the electronic, magnetic, optical and mechanical properties of nanomaterials. Along with this, the chapter includes the discussion about the origin the finite size effects in controlling the physical and chemical properties of these important materials. Finally the environmental, health and ethical concerns that must be confronted in modern and future engineering applications of nanomaterials will be discussed.
1.1 History and definition of nanomaterials
1.2 Formation of nanomaterials
1.3 Properties of nanomaterials 1.4 Applications of nanomaterials
1.5. Classification of Nanomaterials
1.6 Synthesis/fabrication of nanomaterials
1.6.1 Physical methods
1.6.2 Chemical methods
1.7 Characterization of nanomaterials 1.7.1 X-ray diffraction technique
1.7.2 Electron Microscopy
1.7.3 Electronic Properties 1.7.4 Magnetic Properties
1.7.5 Optical Properties
1.7.6 Mechanical Properties
1.6. Summary
CH02. Nanomaterials Processing and Manufacturing
Materials with particle size in the range 1-10 nm are called quasi 0-D mesoscopic system or quantum dots. The distinctive characteristic of nanomaterial which attracts attention towards itself is the size restrictions often produce qualitatively new properties and behavior. The success of nano manufacturing and processing depends on the strong cooperation between academia and industry in order to be informed about current needs and future challenges, to design products directly transferred into the commercial sector. In this chapter, we discuss nanomaterials processing and manufacturing on industrial scale using different physical and chemical approaches along with application in the area of fuel cell electrodes and catalysis.
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nanomaterials and Processes
2.2.1 Bottom-up and top-down approaches
2.2.2 Dendrimers and processes
2.2.3 Nanomaterials clusters and arrays in zeolites
2.2.4 Synthesis of nanomaterials through arrested precipitation .
2.2.5 Self-assembled nanoscale materials and structures
2.3 Nanoscale Device and System Concept
2.4 Nanomaterials Processing and Manufacturing Techniques
2.4.1 Chemical approaches
2.4.2 Laser-assisted catalytic growth
2.4.3 Electrochemical approaches
2.4.4 Template approach
2.4.5 Lithography
2.4.6 Electrospinning
2.5 Applications
2.5.1 Fuel cell electrodes
2.5.2 Advanced catalysts and nanoreactors
2.6 Concluding Remarks
CH03. Physics of solar cell: basic concept and properties
The chapter begins with the basic concepts such as the source of energy, the role of photovoltaic conversion the development of photovoltaic cells, and sequence of phenomena involved in solar power generation. The photovoltaic cell or solar cell absorbs light and produces charge carriers of electrical cu 
