Автор: Chhina Ramandeep Kaur Название: Standby Letters of Credit in International Trade ISBN: 9041145605 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789041145604 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 24415.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The question of what constitutes 'fraud in the transaction' with respect to international letters of credit varies considerably among jurisdictions. In proving allegations of fraud, it is crucial for the practitioner to know the relevant jurisdiction's case law, especially if wider defences such as inducement, unconscionable conduct or bad faith must be invoked. In this book, the author argues that, whereas 'fraud in the documents' is generally sufficient in cases involving commercial letters of credit, standby letters of credit demand a wider fraud exception. The central issue - how wide that fraud exception should be - is what this book explores in depth.This author compares and critically examines the application of the fraud exception in four major trade jurisdictions - the United States, England, Canada, and Australia. With an overall focus on how each jurisdiction's fraud tests treat the autonomy of standby letters of credit, she builds her arguments on such relevant sources and concepts as the following: when it can be shown that the beneficiary has 'no bona fide belief' in the validity of its claim demand guarantees; international initiatives (ICC Rules and the UN Convention on Independent Guarantee and Standby Letters of Credit); the Sztejn Rule; parameters of the 'fraud in the transaction' defence 'materiality' standard; prerequisites for injunctive relief; arguing 'fraud in the formation of the contract'; performance bond cases; applying the 'breach of good faith' defence; 'negative stipulation' in the underlying contract; and equitable versus statutory/broader notion of unconscionability. The presentation includes detailed summaries and analyses of leading cases in all four jurisdictions. Lawyers and corporate counsel responsible for arguing claims or defences in letter of credit transactions will welcome the way the author's research and insight define the range of options in each case they handle. Academics also will appreciate the systematic way the book frames a complex area of international trade law.
Описание: AC-DC conversion from the mains to a low voltage DC is discussed, enabling an efficient and compact, lower-power auxiliary power supply to take over the power delivery during the standby mode of mains-connected appliances, allowing the main power converter of these devices to be shut down fully.
Автор: Riessen D. D. Название: On Standby ISBN: 0991663004 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780991663002 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 2060.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: P. Thoft-Christensen Название: Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems ISBN: 3540185704 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783540185703 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18167.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: From the Preface: The Proceedings contain papers presented at the 1st Working Conference on "Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems", Aalborg, Denmark, May 6-8, 1987. The conference was the first scientific meeting of the new IFIP Working Group 7.5 on "Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems". The purpose of the Working Group 7.5 is: - to promote modern structural system optimization and reliability theory, - to advance international cooperation in the field of structural system optimization and reliability theory, - to stimulate research, development and application of structural system optimization and reliability theory, - to further the dissemination and exchange of information on reliability and optimization of structural system optimization and reliability theory, - to encourage education in structural system optimization and reliability theory.
Автор: Rudiger Rackwitz; Guiliano Augusti; Antonio Borri Название: Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems ISBN: 0412636301 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780412636301 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 29209.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The 6th meeting sponsored by IFIP Working Group 7.5, on reliability and optimization of structural systems, took place in September 1994 in Assisi, Italy. This book contains the papers presented at the working conference including topics such as reliability of special structures, fatigue, failure modes and time-variant systems reliability.
Автор: Rudiger Rackwitz; Guiliano Augusti; Antonio Borri Название: Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems ISBN: 1475763972 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781475763973 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 27950.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Название: Standby Book, The Paperback ISBN: 0521558603 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521558600 Издательство: Cambridge University Press Рейтинг: Цена: 8345.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A rich resource for teachers of general English courses, groups of business and professional people and students of English for academic purposes.
Описание: This book describes synergetic innovation opportunities offered by combining the field of power conversion with the field of integrated circuit (IC) design. The authors demonstrate how integrating circuits enables increased operation frequency, which can be exploited in power converters to reduce drastically the size of the discrete passive components. The authors introduce multiple power converter circuits, which are very compact as result of their high level of integration. First, the limits of high-power-density low-voltage monolithic switched-capacitor DC-DC conversion are investigated to enable on-chip power granularization. AC-DC conversion from the mains to a low voltage DC is discussed, enabling an efficient and compact, lower-power auxiliary power supply to take over the power delivery during the standby mode of mains-connected appliances, allowing the main power converter of these devices to be shut down fully.
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