Автор: Peter E. Stott; Giuseppe Gorini; Paolo Prandoni Название: Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors 2 ISBN: 1461374421 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781461374428 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 27950.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Proceedings of the International School of Physics `Piero Caldirola` Workshop held in Varenna, Italy, September 4-12, 1997
Описание: IAEA Member States have expressed relevant interest in the development and deployment of small and medium-sized or modular reactors (SMRs) to help cover their energy needs in the coming decades. SMR designs may include technological characteristics that differ significantly from those of the large nuclear power plants that are commercially available. Those SMR characteristics can represent a challenge when the existing design requirements, as established in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-2/1 (Rev. 1) Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design, are intended to be applied to SMRs. This publication focuses on the engineering judgement necessary to apply each of the design requirements in SSR-2/1 (Rev. 1), and also the entire set of requirements, to light water cooled and high temperature gas cooled SMRs. The publication includes the common ground reached by representatives from regulatory bodies, technical and scientific support organizations (TSOs) and SMR design organizations regarding the applicability of the design requirements to both SMR technologies. The insights provided are also intended to contribute to motivating further progress in the harmonization of national and international views on safety approaches for SMR technologies. This publication is intended for use by organizations dealing with nuclear power plant design or operation, and by regulatory bodies and TSOs, particularly from countries that are initiating or enlarging nuclear power programmes that include SMR units.
Описание: Further, it introduces a nonlinear model characterizing important thermal hydraulics parameters of AHWR and integrates it into the neutronics model to obtain a coupled neutronics-thermal hydraulics model of AHWR.
Описание: This book examines the different spatial control techniques for regulation of spatial power distribution in advanced heavy water reactors (AHWR). It begins with a review of the literature pertinent to the modeling and control of large reactors. It also offers a nodal-core model based on finite difference approximation since the AHWR core is considered to be divided into 17 relatively large nodes. Further, it introduces a nonlinear model characterizing important thermal hydraulics parameters of AHWR and integrates it into the neutronics model to obtain a coupled neutronics-thermal hydraulics model of AHWR. The book also presents a vectorized nonlinear model of AHWR and implements it in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The model of the reactor is then linearized at the rated power and put into standard state variable form. It is characterized by 90 states, 5 inputs and 18 outputs. Lastly, it discusses control techniques for a nonlinear model of AHWR. This book will prove to be a valuable resource for professional engineers and implementation specialists, researchers and students.
Автор: Tanabe Tetsuo Название: Plasma-Material Interactions in a Controlled Fusion Reactor ISBN: 9811603308 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811603303 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20962.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
0. Preface (3 pages)
1. Introduction (10 pages, 1 table, 5 figures) 1-1. Energy conversion from nuclear to thermal for electric power generation 1-2. Brief history of development of plasma facing materials
2. Discharges in current tokamaks (11 pages, 16 figures) 2-1. Views of the inside of current tokamaks with and without plasma 2-2. Diagnostics for PSI research 2-2-1 Optical spectroscopy 2-2-2 Probe measurements 2-3. Plasma wall interactions observed by prove and limiter experiments
3. Power load on plasma facing materials (11 pages, 1 table, 4 figures) 3-1 Estimation of power load and its distribution in a fusion reactor 3-2 Steady state power load 3-3 Transient power load 3-4 Power load by neutrons 3-5 Mitigation of power load (Power Exhaust)
4. Responses of plasma facing surfaces to heat and particle loads (17 pages, 21 figures) 4-1 Energy loss processes of energetic particles in solid target 4-2 Emission of ions and neutrals 4-2-1 Reflection 4-2-2 Physical sputtering 4-2-3 Chemical sputtering 4-2-4 Ion induced desorption and radiation enhance sublimation 4-3 Electron and photon emissions 4-3-1 Electron emission 4-3-2 Photon emission 4-4 Energy reflection 4-5 Remission of incident ions 4-5-1 Reemission of hydrogen (fuel) 4-5-2 Reemission of inert gas/molecules 4-6 Interaction of released particles with photons and electrons in boundary plasmas 4-7 Summary
5. Erosion and deposition & their influence on plasma behavior (Material transport in tokamak) (7 pages, 9 figures) 5-1 Erosion, transport and deposition 5-2 Formation of deposited layers made of eroded materials 5-2-1 Carbon wall 5-2-1-1 Deposition on plasma facing surface 5-2-1-2 Modification of deposited materials 5-2-1-3 Deposition at non-plasma facing surfaces 5-2-2 Metallic wall 5-3 Summary
6 Material modification by high power load and its influence on plasma (16 pages, 11 figures) 6-1 Power load to PFM 6-2 Material response to heat loads and its influence on boundary plasmas (PMI) 6-2-1 Spontaneous response to plasma heat load 6-2-2 Melting and evaporation 6-2-3 Hydrogen recycling 6-3 Damaging and degradation of PFM 6-3-1 Carbon 6-3-2 W 6-3-2-1 Surface damage by high power load (melting, recrystallization and cracking 6-3-2-3 Surface damage by fuel particle load below melting threshold 6-3-3 Other PFM candidates (Be and Li) 6-3-4 Structure materials
7. Fundamentals of hydrogen recycling and retention (12 pages, 5 figures) 7-1 Overall fuel flow at steady state burning 7-2 Injection of energetic hydrogen 7-3 Reflection, remission and retention 7-4 Permeation 7-5 Isotope effects 7-6 Retention and trapping 7-7 Simulation and modeling
8. PMI in large Tokamaks (24 pages, 2 table, 14 figures) 8-1. Power load in tokamaks 8-1-1 Power load in JET 8-1-2 Exchange of PFM from Carbon to high Z metals 8-1-3 ITER like wall (ILW) in JET 8-1-4 Power load by charged particles from fusion 8-2. Erosion and deposition 8-2-1 Carbon wall 8-2-2 Metallic wall 8-3 Dust 8-4 Recycling and retention of fuels 8.4.1 Consideration of fuel retention rate 8-4-2 Recycling 8-4-2-1 Changes recycling coefficient with discharge time 8-4-2-2 Isotopic replacement and appearance of H (the lightest hydrogen isotope) as an impurity 8-4-2-3 Recycling at steady state 8-4-3 Long term fuel retention 8-4-3-1 Fuel retention in Carbon
Автор: Peter E. Stott; Giuseppe Gorini; Paolo Prandoni Название: Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors 2 ISBN: 0306458357 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780306458354 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 34799.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Proceedings of the International School of Physics `Piero Caldirola` Workshop held in Varenna, Italy, September 4-12, 1997
Автор: Giuseppe Gorini; Elio Sindoni; Peter E. Stott Название: Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors ISBN: 1461380200 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781461380207 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 15672.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book of proceedings collects the papers presented at the Workshop on Diagnostics for ITER, held at Villa Monastero, Varenna (Italy), from August 28 to September 1, 1995.
Описание: The rapid pace of technological change constantly gives rise to new ethical dilemmas. This provides a practical introduction for engineering students that emphasizes ethical decision-making. The authors situate engineering ethics in the wider context of business and environmental ethics and guide students through case studies emphasizing value conflicts often encountered in engineering.
1. Introduction (10 pages, 1 table, 5 figures) 1-1. Energy conversion from nuclear to thermal for electric power generation 1-2. Brief history of development of plasma facing materials
2. Discharges in current tokamaks (11 pages, 16 figures) 2-1. Views of the inside of current tokamaks with and without plasma 2-2. Diagnostics for PSI research 2-2-1 Optical spectroscopy 2-2-2 Probe measurements 2-3. Plasma wall interactions observed by prove and limiter experiments
3. Power load on plasma facing materials (11 pages, 1 table, 4 figures) 3-1 Estimation of power load and its distribution in a fusion reactor 3-2 Steady state power load 3-3 Transient power load 3-4 Power load by neutrons 3-5 Mitigation of power load (Power Exhaust)
4. Responses of plasma facing surfaces to heat and particle loads (17 pages, 21 figures) 4-1 Energy loss processes of energetic particles in solid target 4-2 Emission of ions and neutrals 4-2-1 Reflection 4-2-2 Physical sputtering 4-2-3 Chemical sputtering 4-2-4 Ion induced desorption and radiation enhance sublimation 4-3 Electron and photon emissions 4-3-1 Electron emission 4-3-2 Photon emission 4-4 Energy reflection 4-5 Remission of incident ions 4-5-1 Reemission of hydrogen (fuel) 4-5-2 Reemission of inert gas/molecules 4-6 Interaction of released particles with photons and electrons in boundary plasmas 4-7 Summary
5. Erosion and deposition & their influence on plasma behavior (Material transport in tokamak) (7 pages, 9 figures) 5-1 Erosion, transport and deposition 5-2 Formation of deposited layers made of eroded materials 5-2-1 Carbon wall 5-2-1-1 Deposition on plasma facing surface 5-2-1-2 Modification of deposited materials 5-2-1-3 Deposition at non-plasma facing surfaces 5-2-2 Metallic wall 5-3 Summary
6 Material modification by high power load and its influence on plasma (16 pages, 11 figures) 6-1 Power load to PFM 6-2 Material response to heat loads and its influence on boundary plasmas (PMI) 6-2-1 Spontaneous response to plasma heat load 6-2-2 Melting and evaporation 6-2-3 Hydrogen recycling 6-3 Damaging and degradation of PFM 6-3-1 Carbon 6-3-2 W 6-3-2-1 Surface damage by high power load (melting, recrystallization and cracking 6-3-2-3 Surface damage by fuel particle load below melting threshold 6-3-3 Other PFM candidates (Be and Li) 6-3-4 Structure materials
7. Fundamentals of hydrogen recycling and retention (12 pages, 5 figures) 7-1 Overall fuel flow at steady state burning 7-2 Injection of energetic hydrogen 7-3 Reflection, remission and retention 7-4 Permeation 7-5 Isotope effects 7-6 Retention and trapping 7-7 Simulation and modeling
8. PMI in large Tokamaks (24 pages, 2 table, 14 figures) 8-1. Power load in tokamaks 8-1-1 Power load in JET 8-1-2 Exchange of PFM from Carbon to high Z metals 8-1-3 ITER like wall (ILW) in JET 8-1-4 Power load by charged particles from fusion 8-2. Erosion and deposition 8-2-1 Carbon wall 8-2-2 Metallic wall 8-3 Dust 8-4 Recycling and retention of fuels 8.4.1 Consideration of fuel retention rate 8-4-2 Recycling 8-4-2-1 Changes recycling coefficient with discharge time 8-4-2-2 Isotopic replacement and appearance of H (the lightest hydrogen isotope) as an impurity 8-4-2-3 Recycling at steady state 8-4-3 Long term fuel retention 8-4-3-1 Fuel retention in Carbon
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