Описание: The global movement toward universal health coverage (UHC) is accompanied by requests for large increases in government health spending in some countries. This combined with the global economic situation and stagnant economic growth across many low- and middle-income countries make it more critical than ever to place health financing discussions firmly in the context of macroeconomic and fiscal realities. Unfortunately, there is often a disconnect in decision making, with key fiscal decisions made in the absence of a clear understanding on the one hand of the potential consequences for the health sector, and on the other, the consequences for the country's macroeconomic and fiscal position of increasing or reallocating government spending. Constructive health financing policy dialogue aims to reach a common understanding between health sector leaders and central budget authorities about policy objectives for the health sector and the resources needed to achieve those objectives, how much priority will be given to health in the government budget, and how the health sector will be held accountable for using funds effectively. This common understanding should be built on a realistic picture of the country's macroeconomic and fiscal context, the constraints and competing priorities in the budget-setting process. When ministries of health and ministries of finance have a common understanding of macroeconomic and fiscal constraints, discussions can focus productively on using funds within the potential health resource envelope in the most effective way to achieve health system objectives. This guidance note outlines the key components of the macroeconomic, fiscal, and public financial management context that need to be considered for an informed health financing discussion at the country level. The guidance note is organized around four sets of questions that are key to placing the health financing dialogue in the context of a country's macroeconomic and fiscal context. Each section points to measures, resources, and analytical tools that are available to assist in answering these questions for a specific country. The guidance note draws on case studies from 11 countries moving toward or sustaining universal health coverage conducted as part of the Japan-World Bank Partnership Program on UHC as well as from other country examples.
Описание: Any analysis of health financing issues has to begin with sound estimates of the level and flow of resources in a health system, including total levels of spending, the sources of health expenditures, the uses of funds in terms of services purchased, and in terms of who purchases them. The analysis should also aim at understanding how these resource flows are correlated with health system outcomes, including those of improving health, reducing health inequalities, and reducing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure. National Health Accounts (NHA) provide a framework to collect, compile, and analyze such data on all types of health spending in a country—and so create a robust evidence base for policy making. Although NHA data delineate the key financial metrics of a health system, the collection of these data have not been institutionalized in most developing countries. The root problems are often the same: insufficient resources to collect, collate, analyze and produce information on spending; poor development of health and other information systems; low levels of local capacity to interpret information to meet policy needs; and inadequate demand for data within countries. Furthermore, in many low- and middle-income countries, NHA activities have been conducted as ad hoc, donor-driven initiatives. Since 2008, the World Bank has been coordinating a global initiative to identify bottlenecks to the institutionalization of NHA, and to learn lessons in countries at different stages on the journey towards this institutionalization. The focus has been less on the production of NHA and more on its relevance as a tool to enable policy makers develop and implement evidence-based decisions, and better measure the impact of health reforms, especially those related to health financing. This report has been developed through a consultative process, involving experts and policy makers from more than fifty low-, middle- and high-income countries, large and small, in all corners of the world, development partners and World Bank staff globally. The report represents a synthesis of lessons learned from country experiences and is intended to serve as a strategic guide to countries and their development partners as they design and implement their strategy to develop nationally relevant and internationally comparable data, collected in a routine and cost-effective manner.
Описание: This publication explores how credit guarantee schemes can help small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to access finance. It highlights lessons from case studies across the world.SMEs are widely regarded as the backbone of economies, yet they face many challenges in accessing finance to fuel their growth. This publication examines SMEs' access to finance and the impact of credit guarantee schemes. It provides insights on the legal and regulatory setup of such schemes, corporate governance, services offered, risk management, and monitoring.
Название: Southeast Asia Rising from the Pandemic ISBN: 9292694057 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789292694050 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 4013.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This publication offers a comprehensive regional-level analysis and gives a rundown of how eight Southeast Asian countries dealt with and are now beginning to recover from COVID-19.It looks at how countries have reshaped their economies and considers the impact of job losses as COVID-19 sent development gains into reverse. Against a backdrop of global headwinds and looming climate change, it recommends how policymakers can weave lessons from the pandemic into their drive for a resilient and inclusive recovery.
Описание: This report shows why Southeast Asian countries need to consider fresh taxation policies after many struggled to finance massive public expenditure programs to combat COVID-19.The second in a four-part series, it considers the impact of the pandemic on countries including Cambodia and Thailand to lay out steps policymakers can take to create healthier fiscal spaces. It illustrates the challenges around informality, collection, and progressivity, and details quick-fix measures designed to increase revenues. It emphasizes how preventing fraud, taxing wealth, and introducing environmental levies can help reduce poverty, tackle inequality, and contribute toward more sustainable growth.
Название: Implementing a Green Recovery in Southeast Asia ISBN: 9292695088 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789292695088 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 3260.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This report explains why Southeast Asian countries need to design pandemic recovery policies that hit both ambitious socioeconomic and environmental goals.The third in a four-part series, the report considers the impact of COVID-19 on Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines to show how a green recovery can safeguard against future health crises. Analyzing areas including agriculture, cities, and oceans, the report lays out policy measures designed to identify, create, and finance green growth opportunities. It shows how COVID-19 has presented countries a chance to hit the reset button and build a socially, economically, and environmentally resilient future.
Автор: Lo John Y. Название: Angel Financing in Asia Pacific ISBN: 1786351285 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781786351289 Издательство: Emerald Рейтинг: Цена: 5893.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: By examining the current status and recent developments in a number of countries in Asia, this book makes recommendations, provides analysis, and suggests new approaches to startup angel financing in the Asia Pacific region.
Описание: This book is the first to present a regional analysis of climate change and human health, focusing on geographically and socio-economically distinct countries of South and Southeast Asia.
Описание: This report explores how financial technology or fintech can help improve health systems and outcomes.A "Fintech for Health" approach integrates digital financial services with health innovations to help solve health-care affordability, quality, and access challenges. It can be powerful in enabling people to gain access to health care and in preventing health-related bankruptcy. The report draws on examples of this approach from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore. It considers the enabling environment, challenges, future opportunities, and how Fintech for Health can be adapted to diverse contexts to help promote universal health coverage.
Описание: This publication examines innovative finance mechanisms for government recovery strategies that can incentivize green infrastructure investment in developing Asia and support the fight against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.COVID-19 has seen governments across developing Asia move significant amounts of capital into relief efforts that have saved countless lives and livelihoods. But emerging economic recovery packages must not upset the sensitive balance between economic growth and the region’s natural capital. Many global thinkers are advocating the critical role of green infrastructure in supporting economic growth and livelihoods, while safeguarding the Paris Agreement targets. Innovative finance mechanisms can play a key role in catalyzing much-needed funds from private capital for a green and sustainable regional recovery.
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