Описание: How private groups increasingly set public policy and regulate lives - with little public knowledge or attentionFrom accrediting doctors and lawyers to setting industry and professional standards, private groups establish many of the public policies in today's advanced societies. Yet this important role of non-governmental groups is largely ignored by those who study, teach, or report on public policy issues. Public Policymaking by Private Organizations sheds light on policymaking by private groups, which are unaccountable to the general public and often even to governments.This book brings to life the hidden world of policymaking by providing an overview of this phenomenon and in-depth case studies in the areas of finance, food safety and certain professions. Far from being merely self-regulation or self-governance, policymaking by private groups, for good or ill, can have a substantial impact on the broader public - from ensuring the safety of our home electrical appliances to vetting the credit-worthiness of complex financial instruments in the runup to the 2008 financial crisis.Ranging from non-profit associations to multi-national corporations, private policymaking groups are everywhere. They certify professionals as competent, establish industry regulations and set technical and professional standards. But because their operations lack the transparency and accountability required of governmental bodies, these organizations comprise a policymaking territory that is largely unseen, unreported, uncharted and not easily reconciled with democratic principles. As such, that territory demands to be fully explored, documented and understood. Even more urgently, private governance should be recognized and scrutinized as a distinct and important area in the field of public policy. Anyone concerned about how policies are made - and who makes them - should read this book.
Автор: Yang Jiang Название: China`s Policymaking for Regional Economic Cooperation ISBN: 1349467405 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781349467402 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Using first-hand interview data, Yang Jiang reveals the key trends of China`s trade and financial politics after its WTO accession. In particular, she highlights the influence of competing domestic interests, government agencies and different ideas on China`s foreign economic policy.
Описание: Reinhold Niebuhr's ideas about ethics, social justice, and foreign policy have been hugely influential for American political thought, and this has been true across the political spectrum, from progressive social justice activists to neo-conservatives. A one-time leader in the Socialist party, Niebuhr worked with Eleanor Roosevelt to found Americans for Democratic Action. Jimmy Carter took inspiration from his ideas about love and justice, and Barack Obama has praised him as one of his favorite philosophers. His theories have also influenced neoconservatives, many of whom cited his work to support the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Yet, Niebuhr never published a single, comprehensive book on his approach to international relations, and, because he was so prolific, one would have to sift through volumes of his work to try to construct such a unified vision. This book distills Niebuhr's disparate and heretofore difficult-to-access work on international relations into one concise and accessible volume. Drawing from the well-springs of Niebuhr's Christian social thought, the volume explores the depths of Niebuhr's views on human nature, race, collective life, U.S. foreign policy, Just War Theory, Cold War era containment, globalization, and the U.N. It then applies his approach to contemporary foreign policy issues such as the 2003 Iraq War, the Responsibility to Protect, and the rise of China. The book also considers Niebuhr's contribution to IR theory and contextualizes it in the present day revival of classical Realism with a multivariate, existentialist twist. Ultimately, the book asserts that Niebuhr's notion of a fallible, self-interested view of human nature, his dialectical approach, and a related moral dualism run throughout his work on politics and international relations as they did through the rest of his work.
Описание: To what extent does domestic politics affect the agreement reached in an international trade negotiation? In order to address this question, Christopher C. Meyerson develops an approach to analyzing the relationship between domestic politics and international relations in trade policymaking. This approach is used to analyze both American and Japanese trade policymaking and US-Japan trade negotiations, especially during the GATT Uruguay Round agriculture negotiations that occurred between 1986 and 1994. Meyerson not only develops an innovative approach to the analysis of the relationship between domestic politics and international relations in trade policymaking, but also, using publicly available GATT documents and publications, US Congressional hearings and Japanese-language sources, provides a strong narrative description of the roles of the United States and Japan in the GATT Uruguay Round agriculture negotiations.
Автор: Darrell M. West, John R. Allen Название: Turning Point: Policymaking in the Era of Artificial Intelligence ISBN: 0815739508 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780815739500 Издательство: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Рейтинг: Цена: 3166.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Artificial Intelligence is here, today. How can society make the best use of it?
Until recently, “artificial intelligence” sounded like something out of science fiction. But the technology of artificial intelligence, AI, is becoming increasingly common, from self-driving cars to e-commerce algorithms that seem to know what you want to buy before you do. Throughout the economy and many aspects of daily life, artificial intelligence has become the transformative technology of our time.
Despite its current and potential benefits, AI is little understood by the larger public and widely feared. The rapid growth of artificial intelligence has given rise to concerns that hidden technology will create a dystopian world of increased income inequality, a total lack of privacy, and perhaps a broad threat to humanity itself.
In their compelling and readable book, two experts at Brookings discuss both the opportunities and risks posed by artificial intelligence—and how near-term policy decisions could determine whether the technology leads to utopia or dystopia.
Drawing on in-depth studies of major uses of AI, the authors detail how the technology actually works. They outline a policy and governance blueprint for gaining the benefits of artificial intelligence while minimizing its potential downsides.
The book offers major recommendations for actions that governments, businesses, and individuals can take to promote trustworthy and responsible artificial intelligence. Their recommendations include: creation of ethical principles, strengthening government oversight, defining corporate culpability, establishment of advisory boards at federal agencies, using third-party audits to reduce biases inherent in algorithms, tightening personal privacy requirements, using insurance to mitigate exposure to AI risks, broadening decision-making about AI uses and procedures, penalizing malicious uses of new technologies, and taking pro-active steps to address how artificial intelligence affects the workforce.
Turning Point is essential reading for anyone concerned about how artificial intelligence works and what can be done to ensure its benefits outweigh its harm.
Описание: The book examines the role of identity in the decision-making of presidents Cleveland, Harrison, and McKinley to develop a theory applicable to today`s presidential policymaking.
Описание: This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book explores if and how Russian policies towards the Far East region of the country - and East Asia more broadly - have changed since the onset of the Ukraine crisis and Russia`s annexation of Crimea.
Автор: Meyer Christoph Название: Estimative intelligence in european foreign policymaking ISBN: 1399505513 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781399505512 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 13464.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The first comparative study of estimative intelligence and strategic surprise in a European context, complementing and testing insights from previous studies centred on the United States
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