A thorough explanation of the mathematical theories, philosophies, and economics of catastrophes with a view to how humanity should be prepared for events with catastrophic consequences
This book presents a holistic view of natural and man-made catastrophes, from mathematical theories and philosophy through to economics and policy. It is both academic and applied in its approach, offering both empirical evidence and academic reflections to give a new perspective on an ever-developing topic, and providing many examples of public policy and catastrophe responses from around the world.
Natural and Man-made Catastrophes: Theories, Economics, and Policy Designs begins by introducing readers to numerous natural and man-made catastrophes and how catastrophe theories have played a pivotal role in designing policies and responses to them. It discusses hurricanes, earthquakes, nuclear disaster, asteroid collision, Large Hadron Collider, artificial intelligence, uncontrollable robots, global warming, infectious diseases without antibodies, and bioterrorism. It clarifies key mathematical and scientific theories--such as catastrophe theory, chaos, singularity, fractal, tipping point, unbounded variance, fat-tail, and Feigenbaum constant--on catastrophes. The book goes on to examine ancient and contemporary philosophies that have played critical roles in humanity's understanding of catastrophic outcomes. The book critically builds the economics of catastrophic events 1) by consolidating the catastrophe literature in natural sciences, scientific theories, and philosophy; 2) by constructing global empirical catastrophe data and analytical models using historical data on hurricanes and earthquakes; 3) and by critically reviewing policy experiences on the aforementioned catastrophic events.
Lays the foundation for the economic analyses and policy-making on potential humanity/universe threatening catastrophes
Includes many examples of public policy and behavioral responses to catastrophes from around the world
Provides a wide-ranging commentary on crucial implications of the studies, models, and concepts of catastrophes
Synthesizes the catastrophe literature in mathematical theories, philosophical traditions, economic analyses, policy studies, and contemporary concerns.
Natural and Man-made Catastrophes: Theories, Economics, and Policy Designs is an important book for students, teachers, professionals, and policy makers who are involved in environmental research and disaster response.
Описание: This book is of paramount importance in the fields of engineering and applied sciences, given that through the values obtained by these procedures, many structures, like spillways of dams and highway culverts, are designed and constructed.
Описание: This book will highlight advanced techniques that were recently used for studying microorganisms in extreme environments. Recent technological leaps in the study of microorganisms in the environment now make it possible to comprehensively study microbes in the environment. Extreme environments could benefit from the application of these techniques, but many challenges such as low biomass, low activity and slow growth has prevented their wide adoption. This book will review recent application of state-of-the-art techniques in extreme environments, helping researcher and graduate students get a better knowledge of the tools available.
Автор: Botzen Название: Managing Extreme Climate Change Risks through Insurance ISBN: 1316600882 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781316600887 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6970.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In recent years, the damage caused by natural disasters has increased worldwide. This book considers how the most common mechanism for managing risk - insurance - can contribute to designing policies which limit the risks posed by natural disasters, and reduce their impact on society in a changing climate.
Описание: This richly illustrated book describes statistical extreme value theory for the quantification of natural hazards, such as strong winds, floods and rainfall, and discusses an interdisciplinary approach to allow the theoretical methods to be applied.
Extreme weather events, such as droughts, strong winds and storms, flash floods and extreme heat and cold, are among the most destructive yet fascinating aspects of climate variability. Historical records and memories charting the impacts and responses to such events are a crucial component of any research that seeks to understand the nature of events that might take place in the future. Yet all such events need to be situated for their implications to be understood.
This book is the first to explore the cultural contingency of extreme and unusual weather events and the ways in which they are recalled, recorded or forgotten. It illustrates how geographical context, particular physical conditions, an area's social and economic activities and embedded cultural knowledges and infrastructures all affect community experiences of and responses to unusual weather. Contributions refer to varied methods of remembering and recording weather and how these act to curate, recycle and transmit extreme events across generations and into the future. With international case studies, from both land and sea, the book explores how and why particular weather events become inscribed into the fabric of communities and contribute to community change in different historical and cultural contexts.
This is valuable reading for students and researchers interested in historical and cultural geography, environmental anthropology and environmental studies.
Автор: Susanne Liebner, Lars Ganzert Название: Microbial Life in the Cryosphere and its Feedback on Global Change ISBN: 3110496453 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110496451 Издательство: Walter de Gruyter Рейтинг: Цена: 19144.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
The cryosphere stands for environments where water appears in a frozen form. It includes permafrost, glaciers, ice sheets, and sea ice and is currently more affected by Global Change than most other regions of the Earth. In the cryosphere, limited water availability and subzero temperatures cause extreme conditions for all kind of life which microorganisms can cope with extremely well. The cryosphere’s microbiota displays an unexpectedly large genetic potential, and taxonomic as well as functional diversity which, however, we still only begin to map. Also, microbial communities influence reaction patterns of the cryosphere towards Global Change. Altered patterns of seasonal temperature fluctuations and precipitation are expected in the Arctic and will affect the microbial turnover of soil organic matter (SOM). Activation of nutrients by thawing and increased active layer thickness as well as erosion renders nutrient stocks accessible to microbial activities. Also, glacier melt and retreat stimulate microbial life in turn influencing albedo and surface temperatures. In this context, the functional resilience of microbial communities in the cryosphere is of major interest. Particularly important is the ability of microorganisms and microbial communities to respond to changes in their surroundings by intracellular regulation and population shifts within functional niches, respectively.
Research on microbial life exposed to permanent freeze or seasonal freeze-thaw cycles has led to astonishing findings about microbial versatility, adaptation, and diversity. Microorganisms thrive in cold habitats and new sequencing techniques have produced large amounts of genomic, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic data that allow insights into the fascinating microbial ecology and physiology at low and subzero temperatures. Moreover, some of the frozen ecosystems such as permafrost constitute major global carbon and nitrogen storages, but can also act as sources of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide. In this book we summarize state of the art knowledge on whether environmental changes are met by a flexible microbial community retaining its function, or if the altered conditions also render the community in a state of altered properties that affect the Earth’s element cycles and climate. This book brings together research on the cryosphere’s microbiota including permafrost, glaciers, and sea ice in Arctic and Antarctic regions. Different spatial scales and levels of complexity are considered, spanning from ecosystem level to pure culture studies of model microbes in the laboratory. It aims to attract a wide range of parties with interest in the effect of climate change and/or low temperatures on microbial nutrient cycling and physiology.
Название: Tsunami events and lessons learned ISBN: 9400772688 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400772687 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18284.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Tsunami Events and Lessons Learned
Автор: Bynander Fredrik Название: Collaborative Crisis Management ISBN: 0367148560 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367148560 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 6736.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание: Collaborative Crisis Management introduces readers to how collaboration shapes societies` capacity to plan for, respond to, and recover from extreme and unscheduled events.
Автор: Tedim Fantina Название: Extreme Wildfire Events and Disasters ISBN: 0128157216 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780128157213 Издательство: Elsevier Science Рейтинг: Цена: 17854.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Extreme Wildfire Events and Disasters: Root Causes and New Management Strategies highlights the urgent need for new methods to prepare and mitigate the effects of these events. Using a multidisciplinary, socio-ecological approach, the book discusses the roots of the problem, presenting a new, innovative approach to wildfire mitigation based on the operational concept of Fire Smart Territory (FST). Under the guidance of its expert editors, the book highlights new ways to prevent and respond to extreme wildfire events and disasters through sustainable development, thus revealing better management methods and increasing protection of both the natural environment and the vulnerable communities within it.
Reveals the complexity of extreme wildfire events and disasters in an accessible, comprehensive and multidisciplinary way
Reviews the ground-breaking concept of Fire Smart Territory (FST) which offers an opportunity to reduce wildfire occurrence and severity through measures that promote sustainable development
Proposes a new perspective on disaster risk reduction to help researchers, planners and professionals successfully adapt their methods for mitigating current and future issues
Описание: This socio-political history on the aftermath of the 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake explores disaster aid, relief, and reconstruction and the questions they give rise to about class, communities and inequality. The book traces disaster responses across the twentieth century in order to demonstrate how they were embedded in political processes transcending the event of the earthquake. Aid, relief and reconstruction mirrored political agendas and ideas that articulated both changes and continuities by the colonial state, civil society and international organisations. The impact of the earthquake and aid in its wake varied widely according to social groups, ethnicity and gender in the aftermath. By studying the effects of the earthquake on communities directly affected and society, the author argues that we can come closer to an understanding of the role political, social and cultural factors held in shaping resilience to natural disasters. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Extreme Hydroclimatic Events in a Changing Environment reviews multi-variate hazards in a non-stationary environment. It covers both short and long term predictions from earth observations along with long-term climate dynamics, and models. It provides a detailed overview of remotely sensed observations, current and future satellite missions useful for hydrologic studies and water resources engineering, a review of hydroclimatic hazards. Given these tools, readers can improve their abilities to monitor, model, and predict these extremes with remote sensing.
Extreme Hydroclimatic Events in a Changing Environment additionally covers multi-variate hazards, like landslides, in case studies that analyze the combination of natural hazards and their impact on the natural and built environment using real examples. Additionally, it ties hydroclimatic hazards into the Sendai Framework, providing another set of tools for reducing disaster impacts.
Emphasizes recent and future satellite missions to study, monitor, and forecast hydroclimatic hazards
Each chapter includes a chapter summary with key concepts presented in the form of Q&A with answers provided at the end of the book
Provides a complete overview and differentiation of remotely sensed products useful for monitoring extreme hydroclimatic and related events
Provides real-life examples and applications of integrating remote sensing products to study complex multi-hydroclimatic hazards
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